Table 1

Characteristics of the study population (n=57 664), E3N cohort study

Never user of MHT n=16 138Ever user of MHT n=41 526p Value*
BMI (kg/m2)
<201713 (10.72%)5114 (12.26%)<0.0001
20–223299 (20.65%)10 363 (24.85%)
22–225327 (33.35%)15 425 (36.99%)
>255632 (35.28%)10 791 (25.90%)
Tobacco use†
Never smoker9601 (60.20%)23 023 (55.28%)0.19
Ex-smoker4918 (30.83%)14 484 (34.78%)
Current smoker1429 (8.97%)4134 (9.94%)
Caloric intake (kcal/day)†
<17603393 (26.06%)8196 (23.20%)0.84
1760–21123293 (25.29%)8918 (25.25%)
2112–25133167 (24.32%)9128 (25.84%)
>25133166 (24.33%)9071 (25.71%)
Pregnancy
Nulliparous2293 (14.35%)4574 (10.97%)0.06
≤2 children8766 (54.88%)25 257 (60.57%)
>2 children4912 (30.77%)11 862 (28.46%)
Oral contraceptive use
Never8269 (51.77%)14 562 (34.92%)<0.0001
Ever7702 (48.23%)27 131 (65.08%)
Menopausal status†
Natural13 213 (86.78%)36 593 (90.45%)<0.001
Surgical2013 (13.22%)3862 (9.55%)
Natural oestrogen alone3459 (67.48%)<0.0001
Surgical oestrogen alone1086 (21.19%)

  • ↵* The p value from age-adjusted logistic regression for assessing differences between users and never users.

  • ↵† Missing data not shown (tobacco use, 0.1%; caloric intake, 16.2%; menopausal status, 3.4%).

  • BMI, body mass index; MHT, menopausal hormone therapy.