Table 2

Univariate and adjusted ORs for the presence of antinuclear antibodies

	Univariate		Adjusted^*
Total group	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value
Age (years)	1.05 (1.02 to 1.08)	0.004	1.02 (0.98 to 1.06)	0.347
Gender (F/M)	1.04 (0.61 to 1.79)	0.888	0.60 (0.26 to 1.42)	0.245
COPD status (COPD/no COPD)	2.69 (1.52 to 4.74)	0.001	3.12 (1.68 to 5.76)	<0.001
Smoking status
Never	Reference		Reference
Ex-smoking	1.02 (0.52 to 2.03)	0.950	1.82 (0.44 to 7.47)	0.405
Current smoking	1.32 (0.66 to 2.64)	0.427	2.06 (0.48 to 8.82)	0.329
Pack-years	1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)	0.871	1.01 (0.98 to 1.03)	0.688
BMI (<22/≥22)	3.56 (1.39 to 9.09)	0.008	3.63 (1.34 to 9.86)	0.011

COPD group
Age (years)	1.03 (0.98 to 1.07)	0.230	0.97 (0.90 to 1.04)	0.361
Gender (F/M)	0.97 (0.47 to 1.97)	0.925	0.49 (0.15 to 1.58)	0.230
FEV₁%pred	1.01 (1.00 to 1.03)	0.132	1.00 (0.97 to 1.03)	0.912
FEV₁/FVC ratio (%)	0.99 (0.96 to 1.02)	0.449	0.98 (0.93 to 1.04)	0.536
Smoking status
Never	Reference		Reference
Ex-smoking	0.64 (0.26 to 1.61)	0.347	1.71 (0.16 to 18.32)	0.659
Current smoking	1.14 (0.45 to 2.90)	0.778	2.63 (0.24 to 28.93)	0.430
Pack-years	1.00 (0.98 to 1.01)	0.529	0.99 (0.96 to 1.03)	0.624
BMI (<22/≥22)	4.30 (1.37 to 13.47)	0.012	4.93 (1.50 to 16.15)	0.009

↵* Adjusted for age, gender, COPD status, smoking status, low BMI or country of residence if the variable was a confounder of the studied association.
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV₁%, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (% predicted); FVC, forced vital capacity.