Bronchial wash (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytokines
| Mean (95% CI) | p Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FAS | DES | FAA | DEA | DE effect | Allergen effect | Ordinal effect | |
| BW | |||||||
| IL-1Ra | 12.6 (6.8 to 23.6) | 8.1 (4.0 to 16.3) | 19.3 (11.4 to 32.6) | 18.2 (10.3 to 32.1) | 0.47 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
| IL-6 | 11.8 (4.1 to 33.4) | 9.1 (2.5 to 33.0) | 16.2 (8.7 to 30.2) | 8.6 (4.2 to 17.3) | 0.19 | 0.72 | NA |
| IL-8 | 33.1 (19.6 to 55.7) | 26.0 (15.5 to 43.9) | 71.0 (42.7 to 118.0) | 71.1 (41.6 to 121.7) | 0.61 | <0.0001 | NS |
| IP10 | 165.7 (98.8 to 277.9) | 131.3 (76.2 to 226.2) | 407.7 (242.7 to 684.9) | 250.3 (145.3 to 431.2) | 0.08 | 0.0003 | NS |
| MCP-1 | 39.4 (23.5 to 66.0) | 34.1 (20.3 to 57.1) | 58.4 (35.8 to 95.2) | 57.7 (34.4 to 96.8) | 0.73 | 0.04 | 0.10 |
| MIP-1β | 12.1 (6.6 to 22.1) | 6.7 (3.8 to 11.7) | 11.5 (7.1 to 18.7) | 8.8 (5.4 to 14.3) | 0.10 | 0.55 | NA |
| RANTES | 7.5 (5.0 to 11.3) | 11.0 (6.3 to 19.2) | 11.5 (8.1 to 16.3) | 9.1 (5.5 to 15.1) | 0.80 | 0.24 | NA |
| BAL | |||||||
| IL-1Ra | 10.1 (5.3 to 19.3) | 6.7 (3.5 to 12.9) | 8.1 (4.7 to 14.0) | 12.5 (7.7 to 20.2) | 0.68 | 0.50 | 0.54 |
| IL-5 | 1.12 (0.47 to 1.05) | 0.53 (1.05 to 2.46) | 3.47 (1.15 to 7.95) | 4.78 (1.87 to 10.7) | 0.78 | 0.01 | 0.006 |
| IL-6 | 16.1 (6.9 to 37.5) | 15.1 (5.6 to 40.9) | 17.5 (9.1 to 33.8) | 16.0 (9.0 to 28.5) | 0.82 | 0.85 | NA |
| IL-8 | 22.5 (13.7 to 37.0) | 17.5 (10.5 to 29.1) | 27.5 (16.7 to 45.3) | 39.3 (23.9 to 64.6) | 0.78 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| IL-13 | 4.5 (3.1 to 6.7) | 4.8 (3.2 to 7.1) | 5.8 (4.1 to 8.4) | 6.2 (4.5 to 8.5) | 0.74 | 0.14 | NA |
| IL-15 | 5.1 (3.7 to 7.0) | 3.9 (2.9 to 5.3) | 2.7 (1.9 to 3.6) | 5.4 (4.0 to 7.4) | 0.03 | 0.44 | NS |
| CCL20 | 10.1 (4.8 to 21.1) | 6.2 (3.0 to 13.0) | 23.6 (11.3 to 49.3) | 21.6 (10.4 to 45.1) | 0.43 | 0.006 | NS |
| ECP | 7.1 (3.7 to 13.5) | 7.6 (4.0 to 14.5) | 35.0 (18.3 to 66.9) | 58.7 (30.7 to 112.1) | 0.22 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| GCSF | 43.3 (26.2 to 71.8) | 27.8 (16.5 to 46.7) | 71.7 (43.3 to 118.8) | 71.1 (42.9 to 117.8) | 0.37 | 0.005 | NS |
| IFN-γ | 3.8 (2.4 to 6.0) | 5.9 (3.8 to 9.3) | 4.1 (2.6 to 6.4) | 5.6 (3.6 to 8.8) | 0.06 | 0.95 | NS |
| IP10 | 371.2 (219.1 to 629.0) | 261.3 (150.5 to 453.7) | 925.1 (546.0 to 1567.6) | 846.4 (493.6 to 1451.4) | 0.32 | <0.0001 | NS |
| MCP1 | 37.4 (22.7 to 61.6) | 37.2 (22.3 to 62.0) | 71.9 (43.7 to 118.3) | 129.3 (78.5 to 212.7) | 0.19 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| MIP-1β | 19.7 (9.4 to 41.3) | 11.1 (5.9 to 20.9) | 12.9 (7.5 to 22.4) | 19.9 (12.1 to 32.6) | 0.57 | 0.57 | NA |
| RANTES | 9.2 (6.5 to 13.0) | 8.2 (5.6 to 11.9) | 7.7 (5.4 to 10.9) | 10.9 (7.8 to 15.2) | 0.37 | 0.76 | NA |
| TNF-α | 7.8 (4.7 to 12.9) | 16.2 (8.6 to 30.3) | 6.4 (4.8 to 8.6) | 8.3 (6.3 to 11.0) | 0.10 | 0.15 | NA |
| VEGF | 40.2 (23.3 to 69.5) | 38.4 (21.4 to 68.7) | 25.1 (12.4 to 50.8) | 46.9 (24.5 to 89.8) | 0.44 | 0.61 | NA |
All values are in pg/mL except in the case of ECP, which is in ng/mL; p values ≤0.05 are in bold.
DE and allergen p value are both greater than 0.1, as dictated by statistical methods.
CCL20, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20; DE, diesel exhaust; DEA, diesel exhaust and allergen; DES, diesel exhaust and saline; FAA, filtered air and allergen; FAS, filtered air and saline; GCSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IP10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP, major intrinsic protein; NA, not applicable; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.