Study (first author/year) | Total, n | Mean age | Male (%) | Study duration (months) | Delta BMI control | Delta BMI CPAP | Delta weight control | Delta weight CPAP | AHI (events/h) | Design* | Placebo- controlled | CPAP compliance (hours) | Diet counselling† | Physical activity counselling† |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arias (2005)w1 | 27 | 52.0 | 100.0 | 3 | 0.0006 | −0.2891 | 0.0833 | −0.8571 | 44 | C | Yes | 6 | No | No |
Barbe (2001)w2 | 54 | 54.0 | 90.0 | 1.5 | 0.08 | 0.43 | 0.31 | 0.8 | 55.4 | P | Yes | 5 | No | No |
Barbe (2012)w3 | 723 | 51.9 | 85.6 | 48 | −0.45 | −0.25 | −1.47 | −0.45 | 38.5 | P | No | 5 | Yes | No |
Craig (2012)w4 | 346 | 57.8 | 80.0 | 6 | −0.2 | 0.2 | −0.5 | 0.6 | 13.5 | P | No | 3 | No | No |
Drager (2007)w5 | 24 | 45.5 | 100.0 | 4 | −0.09 | −0.10 | −0.35 | −0.16 | 59 | P | No | 6 | No | No |
Drager (2011)w6 | 36 | 43.0 | 100.0 | 3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.19 | 0 | 56.5 | P | No | 5.2 | No | No |
Durán-Cantolla (2010)w7 | 340 | 52.4 | 81.0 | 3 | −0.2 | −0.3 | −1 | 0 | 43.5 | P | Yes | 4.5 | No | No |
Hoyos (2012)w8 | 65 | 49.0 | 100.0 | 3 | 0.1565 | 0.1533 | 0.4696 | 0.59 | 39.9 | P | Yes | 3.6 | Yes | No |
Hui (2006)w9 | 46 | 50.8 | 80.4 | 3 | 0.48 | 0.35 | 1.11 | 0.85 | 31.2 | P | Yes | 5.1 | No | No |
Ip (2004)w10 | 27 | 42.7 | 100.0 | 1 | −0.22 | 0.27 | −0.58 | 0.54 | 46 | P | No | 4.2 | No | No |
Jenkinson (1999)w11 | 101 | 49.0 | 100.0 | 1 | 0.0735 | −0.232 | 0.135 | −0.6 | 30.7 | P | Yes | 5.4 | No | No |
Kritikou (men) (2013)w12‡ | 22 | 54.3 | 100.0 | 2 | 0.051 | 0.418 | 0.1 | 1.192 | 42.1 | C | Yes | 6.01 | No | No |
Kritikou (women) (2013)w12‡ | 20 | 57.6 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.358 | 0.24 | 0.976 | 0.778 | 32.10 | C | Yes | 6.00 | No | No |
Lam (2007)w13§ | 67 | 46.0 | 79.0 | 2.5 | −0.22 | −0.42 | −0.3 | −1.19 | 21.4 | P | No | 4.2 | No | No |
Lozano (2010)w14 | 64 | 59.2 | 68.8 | 3 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 52.67 | P | No | 5.6 | Yes | No |
Mansfield (2004)w15 | 40 | 57.3 | 94.5 | 3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.83 | 28.2 | P | No | 5.6 | Yes | Yes |
Montserrat (2001)w16 | 45 | 54.0 | 91.0 | 1.5 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 1.24 | 1.06 | 54 | P | Yes | 4.25 | Yes | No |
Pedrosa (2013)w17 | 35 | 56.0 | 77.0 | 6 | −0.061 | 0.21 | −0.049 | 0.492 | 29 | P | No | 6.01 | No | No |
Pepperell (2002)w18 | 118 | 50.5 | 100.0 | 4 | −0.232 | 0.1215 | −0.71 | 0.35 | 35 | P | Yes | 4.9 | No | No |
Quan (2013)w19 | 812 | 52.5 | 64.6 | 6 | −0.034 | 0.037 | −0.107 | 0.136 | 40.5 | P | Yes | 4.8 | No | No |
Robinson (2006)w20 | 35 | 54.0 | 91.2 | 1 | −0.21 | 0.12 | −0.8 | 0.7 | 28.1 | C | Yes | 5.2 | No | No |
Ryan (2005)w21 | 18 | 59.0 | 88.8 | 1 | −0.25 | 0.06 | −1.1 | 0.1 | 43.6 | P | No | 6.2 | No | No |
Ryan (2011)w22 | 44 | 61.7 | 79.5 | 1 | 0.0361 | 0.6619 | 0.1462 | 2.228 | 35.9 | P | No | 4.96 | No | No |
Sivam (2012)w23 | 27 | 47.0 | 96.3 | 2 | −0.338 | 0.313 | −0.888 | 0.804 | 37.2 | C | Yes | 4.6 | No | No |
Weinstock (2012)w24 | 50 | 54.0 | 42.0 | 2 | −0.17 | 0.31 | −0.63 | 0.51 | 44 | C | Yes | 4.8 | Yes | No |
West (2007)w25 | 40 | 56.2 | 100.0 | 3 | 0.0006 | −0.2891 | 0.0833 | −0.8571 | 36.1 | P | Yes | 3.3 | Yes | Yes |
Values presented are mean or percent unless indicated.
*For crossover studies, we used only data prior to the crossover to avoid carryover bias.
†We did not exclude studies that reported diet and physical activity counselling only. We only excluded articles that have an active protocol of diet and/or physical activity and/or drug combined to CPAP therapy.
‡Kritikou and colleagues reported two data sets (independent analysis in men and women).
§Lam and colleagues compared three groups: conservative measurements, CPAP and oral appliance. Only the first two groups were used for this analysis.
AHI, Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index; BMI, body mass index; C, crossover study design; P, parallel study design.