Characteristic | All patients (N=496) | Lactate-negative group (N =361) | Lactate-positive group (N =135) |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean+SD) | 69±16.5 | 68±17 | 73±14.5* |
Age >80 years | 124 (25) | 83 (23) | 41 (30) |
Female gender | 254 (51) | 185 (51) | 69 (51) |
Risk factors for VTE | |||
History of VTE | 64 (13) | 49 (14) | 15 (11) |
Cancer† | 122 (25) | 81 (22) | 41 (30) |
Comorbid diseases | |||
Chronic cardiopulmonary disease | 44 (8.8) | 34 (9.4) | 10 (7.4) |
Clinical symptoms and signs at presentation | |||
Simplified PESI >1 | 361 (73) | 253 (73) | 108 (80)* |
Heart rate >110/min | 83 (17) | 48 (13) | 35 (26)* |
Arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation <90% | 197 (40) | 135 (37) | 62 (46) |
SBP 90–100 mm Hg | 37 (5.6) | 25 (6.9) | 12 (8.9) |
Shock index >1 | 41 (8.3) | 23 (6.4) | 18 (13.3)* |
Laboratory findings | |||
Serum lactate, mmol/L (mean+SD) | 1.74±1.75 | 1.11±0.39 | 3.40±2.65* |
Elevated cardiac troponin‡ | 117 (24) | 70 (19) | 47 (35)* |
RV dysfunction (echocardiogram) | 201 (40) | 127 (35) | 74 (55)* |
Values are number (%) unless otherwise indicated.
*p<0.05 compared with lactate-negative group.
†Active or under treatment in the last year.
‡See definitions, tests and cut-off points in the Methods section.
PESI, PE Severity Index; RV, right ventricle; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VTE, venous thromboembolism.