Association between exposure to smoking in movies and adolescent smoking
| Risk variables* | Using modified Beach as measure of exposure to film smoking | |||||||||
| Model 1: comparison of Beach versus modified Beach exposures | Model 2: movie smoking exposure and media parenting | Model 3: movie smoking exposure, media parenting and family characteristics | Model 4: movie smoking exposure, media parenting, family characteristics, and individual characteristics | Model 5: movie smoking exposure, media parenting, family characteristics, individual characteristics and friend environment | ||||||
| n=1646 | n=1617 | n=1589 | n=1563 | n=1546 | ||||||
| OR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | |
| Exposure to film smoking | ||||||||||
| Beach method (does not consider times seen) | 2.08 | (1.34 to 3.21) | ||||||||
| Modified Beach method (considers times seen) | 2.59 | (1.73 to 3.87) | 2.53 | (1.66 to 3.86) | 2.39 | (1.55 to 3.70) | 3.10 | (1.95 to 4.91) | 2.08 | (1.22 to 3.55) |
| Media use/access | ||||||||||
| Rules about media | ||||||||||
| Television/film rules | ||||||||||
| TV/films parenting scale | 0.30 | (0.23 to 0.39) | 0.29 | (0.22 to 0.39) | 0.31 | (0.23 to 0.42) | 0.37 | (0.27 to 0.52) | ||
| Internet usage supervised? | ||||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Yes | 0.94 | (0.65 to 1.36) | 0.89 | (0.61 to 1.30) | 0.86 | (0.58 to 1.29) | 0.99 | (0.62 to 1.57) | ||
| Film viewing pattern | ||||||||||
| Views films with parents | 0.52 | (0.35 to 0.78) | 0.55 | (0.36 to 0.84) | 0.53 | (0.34 to 0.82) | 0.66 | (0.40 to 1.11) | ||
| Family Background | ||||||||||
| Housing tenure | ||||||||||
| Owner-occupied | 1.37 | (1.02 to 1.84) | 1.10 | (0.80 to 1.51) | 0.94 | (0.65 to 1.36) | ||||
| All other types of accommodation | 1.11 | (0.66 to 1.87) | 1.19 | (0.69 to 2.07) | 1.21 | (0.64 to 2.28) | ||||
| Parental education | ||||||||||
| Either/only parent remained at school beyond age 16 | 1.23 | (0.94 to 1.60) | 1.03 | (0.77 to 1.37) | 0.84 | (0.60 to 1.16) | ||||
| Both/only parent(s) left school at 16 years of age | 0.84 | (0.59 to 1.18) | 0.63 | (0.43 to 0.93) | 0.53 | (0.34 to 0.83) | ||||
| Family connectedness | 0.62 | (0.35 to 1.08) | 0.53 | (0.29 to 0.96) | 0.48 | (0.25 to 0.95) | ||||
| Parental monitoring | 0.46 | (0.29 to 0.72) | 0.52 | (0.33 to 0.84) | 0.79 | (0.46 to 1.36) | ||||
| Individual characteristics | ||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | Ref | |||||||||
| Female | 2.48 | (1.92 to 3.21) | 2.26 | (1.68 to 3.02) | ||||||
| Number of national school examinations being sat | ||||||||||
| 7+ | Ref | |||||||||
| 6 or less | 1.11 | (0.84 to 1.47) | 0.70 | (0.50 to 0.98) | ||||||
| Did not answer | 1.77 | (1.03 to 3.02) | 1.16 | (0.61 to 2.17) | ||||||
| School leaving plans | ||||||||||
| Plans to remain in school beyond statutory leaving age | Ref | |||||||||
| Plans to leave school as soon as legally entitled to | 3.06 | (2.15 to 4.36) | 2.38 | (1.56 to 3.62) | ||||||
| Don't know | 1.26 | (0.86 to 1.86) | 1.06 | (0.68 to 1.66) | ||||||
| Peer behaviours | ||||||||||
| Peer smoking | 41.56 | (25.13 to 68.74) | ||||||||
| Views films with friends | 2.19 | (1.10 to 4.38) | ||||||||
* All ordinal and continuous variables scaled so 0 represents lowest risk category and 1 represents the highest response category.