Baseline characteristics according to ethnicity
| Characteristic | White Americans N=3506 | African Americans N=1860 | Mexican Americans N=1749 | Adjusted p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W vs A | W vs M | A vs M | ||||
| Age (years), mean (SE) | 60.7 (0.4) | 56.0 (0.5) | 56.0 (0.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.923 |
| Women, n (%) | 1830 (52.2) | 968 (52.0) | 847 (48.4) | 0.923 | 0.101 | 0.066 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SE) | 27.2 (0.1) | 28.5 (0.2) | 28.6 (0.2) | <0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.905 |
| BMI≥30, n (%) | 878 (25.0) | 636 (34.2) | 589 (33.9) | <0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.905 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | ||||||
| <10 pack-years | 1950 (56.1) | 1183 (64.9) | 1265 (73.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ≥10 pack-years | 1524 (43.9) | 641 (35.1) | 462 (26.8) | |||
| Chronic conditions, n (%)* | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1279 (36.5) | 859 (46.3) | 530 (30.5) | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| COPD† | 319 (9.1) | 93 (5.0) | 66 (3.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.139 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 299 (8.5) | 246 (13.2) | 312 (17.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 265 (7.6) | 96 (5.2) | 79 (4.7) | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.506 |
| Stroke | 134 (3.8) | 80 (4.3) | 44 (2.5) | 0.430 | 0.014 | 0.004 |
| Heart failure | 127 (3.6) | 89 (4.8) | 105 (6.0) | 0.065 | <0.001 | 0.165 |
| High CV risk, n (%)‡ | 1885 (53.8) | 1233 (66.3) | 1021 (58.4) | <0.001 | 0.020 | < 0.001 |
| Reduced health status, n (%) | 672 (19.2) | 609 (32.8) | 731 (41.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
*Self-reported, physician diagnosed.
†Included chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
‡Included the presence of any of the following: BMI>30, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, stroke or myocardial infarction.
A, African Americans; BMI, body mass index (weight in kg divided by height in m2); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CV, cardiovascular; M, Mexican Americans; W, white Americans.