Body mass index (kg/m2) and polysomnographic parameters in polysomnography (PSG) 1 and PSG 2, and mean difference between groups
| Intervention group n=32 | p Value | Control group n=33 | p Value | Mean difference between groups (CI) | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSG 1 | PSG 2 | PSG 1 | PSG 2 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.2 (2.9) | 28.2 (3.1) | 0.765 | 27.7 (3.3) | 28.1 (3.7) | 0.172 | −0.4 (−1.1 to 0.3) | 0.249 |
| Total sleep time (min) | 376.9 (46.7) | 389.7 (36.3) | 0.115 | 376.9 (44.0) | 383.6 (44.7) | 0.435 | 6 (−17 to 29) | 0.598 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 87.4 (6.7) | 87.7 (5.7) | 0.796 | 87.2 (8.2) | 88.2 (7.6) | 0.503 | −1 (−4 to 3) | 0.729 |
| Sleep latency (min) | 20.8 (13.4) | 18.3 (11.3) | 0.388 | 21.4 (16.2) | 22.5 (17.7) | 0.716 | −4 (−12 to 5) | 0.388 |
| N3 latency (min) | 76.7 (62.6) | 58.4 (40.2) | 0.163 | 74.0 (67.0) | 51.6 (34.9) | 0.069 | 4 (−31 to 39) | 0.814 |
| REM latency (min) | 169.3 (84.5) | 123.2 (64.2) | 0.021 | 155.9 (78.8) | 127.5 (60.5) | 0.016 | −18 (−62 to 27) | 0.428 |
| Time N1 (%) | 8.2 (6.8) | 8.0 (6.7) | 0.859 | 8.8 (6.3) | 7.0 (4.9) | 0.089 | 2 (−1 to 5) | 0.297 |
| Time N2 (%) | 56.2 (11.0) | 49.9 (7.2) | 0.004 | 56.7 (11.0) | 54.7 (12.2) | 0.305 | −4 (−10 to 1) | 0.136 |
| Time N3 (%) | 14.2 (11.4) | 17.7 (8.7) | 0.107 | 14.1 (11.7) | 16.2 (10.8) | 0.322 | 1 (−5 to 7) | 0.664 |
| Time REM (%) | 13.8 (5.7) | 17.3 (8.2) | 0.061 | 12.5 (6.4) | 13.6 (6.0) | 0.393 | 3 (−2 to 7) | 0.247 |
| Number of awakenings | 19.9 (13.2) | 18.7 (10.2) | 0.609 | 20.6 (10.9) | 19.8 (11.4) | 0.749 | 0 (−7 to 6) | 0.885 |
| Sleep cycles | 2.8 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.2) | 0.017 | 2.7 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.1) | 0.007 | 0 (−0.4 to 0.6) | 0.770 |
| Time in supine position (%) | 39.2 (22.4) | 45.2 (22.3) | 0.274 | 40.1 (27.4) | 40.1 (28.9) | 0.996 | 6 (−7 to 19) | 0.342 |
| Arousal index (events/h sleep) | 64.0 (16.2) | 36.6 (17.2) | <0.001 | 60.3 (22.7) | 54.8 (23.2) | 0.136 | −22 (−32 to −12) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory effort-related arousal index (events/h sleep) | 2.3 (3.1) | 4.7 (4.1) | 0.001 | 1.9 (2.9) | 2.3 (2.8) | 0.356 | 2 (0.5 to 4) | 0.010 |
| Apnoea index (events/h sleep) | 40.8 (21.0) | 12.6 (13.7) | <0.001 | 42.5 (23.7) | 34.0 (19.6) | 0.013 | −20 (−30 to −9) | <0.001 |
| Hypopnoea index (events/h sleep) | 12.6 (8.9) | 8.6 (5.7) | 0.016 | 11.6 (10.7) | 12.8 (9.5) | 0.533 | −5 (−10 to −0.3) | 0.038 |
| Apnoea/hypopnoea index (events/h sleep) | 53.3 (19.7) | 21.1(16.7) | <0.001 | 52.6 (21.7) | 46.8 (22.8) | 0.063 | −26 (−37 to −16) | <0.001 |
| Apnoea/hypopnoea index in REM (events/h sleep) | 58.5 (22.5) | 23.9 (20.4) | <0.001 | 51.0 (25.7) | 50.0 (24.8) | 0.788 | −34 (−46 to −21) | <0.001 |
| Apnoea/hypopnoea index, supine (events/h sleep) | 78.3 (21.5) | 41.8 (30.5) | <0.001 | 67.5 (25.8) | 66.0 (23.2) | 0.778 | −35 (−51 to −18) | <0.001 |
| Mean length of apnoeas+hypopnoeas (s) | 24.1 (7.2) | 18.8 (3.9) | <0.001 | 24.8 (7.7) | 25.2 (8.5) | 0.807 | −6 (−10 to −2) | 0.007 |
| Respiratory disturbance index (events/h sleep) | 55.6 (18.6) | 25.8 (17.3) | <0.001 | 54.7 (21.0) | 50.1 (23.1) | 0.122 | −25 (−36 to −15) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen desaturation index (events/h sleep) | 44.6 (23.5) | 14.0 (13.1) | <0.001 | 41.1 (22.2) | 35.6 (21.3) | 0.068 | −25 (−36 to −15) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen desaturation index, supine (events/h sleep) | 62.7 (24.5) | 28.5 (24.6) | <0.001 | 54.5 (21.3) | 52.9 (23.9) | 0.659 | −33 (−46 to −19) | <0.001 |
| Nadir of oxygen saturation (%) | 79.9 (5.3) | 85.9 (3.8) | <0.001 | 81.0 (6.6) | 81.3 (5.7) | 0.802 | 6 (3 to 8) | <0.001 |
| Mean desaturation in supine (%) | 89.6 (2.6) | 91.4 (1.6) | <0.001 | 90.0 (3.1) | 89.1 (2.6) | 0.228 | 3 (1 to 4) | 0.002 |
Data are mean (SD) for within-group comparisons and mean (95% CI) for between-group comparisons.
p values from dependent samples within groups and from independent samples between-group comparisons (t tests).
Significant differences (p<0.05) are shown in bold type.