Case–control study 1 ANTONIUS-PHARMO | Case–control study 2 PHARMO-PHARMO | Case–control study 3 NPCRD-NPCRD | |
---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D use | 1.814 (0.865 to 3.803)* | 1.007 (0.888 to 1.142)† | 1.496 (1.208 to 1.853)* |
Effect modification | |||
Vitamin D use without osteoporosis | 2.631 (1.243 to 5.566)* | 1.416 (1.132 to 1.772)† | 1.671 (1.124 to 2.486)* |
Vitamin D use with osteoporosis | 1.011 (0.536 to 1.907)* | 0.892 (0.746 to 1.066)† | 1.432 (1.113 to 1.843)* |
Vitamin D use without oral corticosteroid use | 1.716 (0.977 to 3.016)* | 1.028 (0.902 to 1.172)† | 1.605 (1.288 to 2.000)* |
Vitamin D use with oral corticosteroid use | 0.826 (0.316 to 2.163)* | 0.854 (0.625 to 1.168)† | 0.817 (0.463 to 1.442)* |
Data are presented as OR (95% CI).
*OR adjusted for osteoporosis, COPD/asthma, and oral corticosteroid use.
†OR adjusted for osteoporosis, COPD/asthma, oral corticosteroid use, and advanced renal disease.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NPCRD, Netherlands Primary Care Research Network.