Patients’ main characteristics
| Cases (HCAP) | Controls (CAP) | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | n=238 | n=238 | |||
| Men, % | 68 | 68 | |||
| Age, mean±SD (years) | 78.8±10.8 | 77.7±10.1 | NS | ||
| Current smokers, n (%) | 21 | 8.8% | 25 | 10.5% | NS |
| Ex-smokers, n (%) | 102 | 42.9% | 100 | 42.0% | |
| Alcohol intake >80 g/day, n (%) | 3 | 1% | 7 | 3% | NS |
| Flu vaccine, n (%) | 143 | 63% | 152 | 68% | NS |
| Pneumococcal vaccine, n (%) | 41 | 18% | 30 | 13% | NS |
| Previous pneumonia, n (%) | 73 | 32% | 68 | 29% | NS |
| Previous antibiotic therapy (last month) | 78 | 33% | 34 | 15% | 0.000 |
| Inhaled cortisteroids, n (%) | 51 | 21% | 48 | 20% | NS |
| Systemic steroids, n (%) | 21 | 9% | 18 | 8% | NS |
| Statins | 52 | 22% | 49 | 21% | NS |
| Proton-pump inhibitors, n (%) | 124 | 52% | 105 | 44% | 0.048 |
| Anti-H2 drugs | 25 | 17% | 8 | 7.1% | 0.017 |
CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; HCAP, healthcare-associated pneumonia.