Classification of bleeding during bronchoscopy
| No bleeding | Traces of blood with no need for continuous suctioning |
| Bleeding stops spontaneously | |
| Mild bleeding | Continued suctioning of blood from the airways |
| Bleeding stops spontaneously | |
| Moderate bleeding | Intubation of the biopsied segment with the bronchoscope into the wedge position |
| Use of adrenaline or cold saline to stop bleeding | |
| Severe bleeding | Placement of bronchus blocker or catheter, applying fibrin sealant |
| Resuscitation, blood transfusion, admission to critical care unit or death |
Adapted from Ernst et al.32