Effect sizes and pooled estimates where applicable
| Interventions ordered by evidence | Study | Outcome | Change from baseline, mean difference (95% CI) | Effect size, mean difference (95% CI) | Pooled estimate (95% CI), I2 and p value if applicable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interferon γ-1b | King et al32 | 6MWD | −7.80 (−31.8 to 15.9) | −7.45 (−30.26 to 15.36), I2=0.0%, p=0.52 | |
| Strieter et al25 | −3.20 (−85.7 to 79.3) | ||||
| King et al32 | UCSD | 0.40 (−4.1 to 4.87) | 0.08 (−4.18 to 4.34), I2=0.0%, p=0.97 | ||
| Strieter et al25 | −3.1 (−17.19 to 11.01) | ||||
| King et al32 | SGRQ total score | −0.50 (−2.53 to 1.53) | |||
| Sildenafil | Zisman et al6 | 6MWD | 16.7 (−3.92 to 37.32) | 5.25 (−8.90 to 19.40), I2=56.6%, p=0.47 | |
| Jackson et al21 | 6MWD | 0.70 (−0.43 to 1.83) | |||
| Zisman et al6 | Borg | −0.34 (−0.81 to 0.14) | −0.34 (−0.82 to 0.13), I2=39.5%, p=0.16 | ||
| Jackson et al21 | Borg | −31.0 (−77.73 to 15.73) | |||
| Zisman et al6 | UCSD | −6.58 (−11.25 to −1.92) | |||
| SGRQ total score | −4.08 (−7.3 to −0.86) | ||||
| SGRQ symptom score | −5.73(−10.61 to −0.85) | ||||
| SGRQ activity score | −3.64 (−7.2 to −0.09) | ||||
| SGRQ impact score | −3.7 (−7.76 to 0.37) | ||||
| SF-36 aggregate physical score | −0.17 (−2.06 to 1.73) | ||||
| SF-36 aggregate mental score | −1.72 (−4.38 to 0.94) | ||||
| SF-36 aggregate bodily pain score | −2.17 (−4.86 to 0.52) | ||||
| SF-36 general health score | 2.86 (0.76 to 4.95) | ||||
| SF-36 mental health score | 1.15 (−1.15 to 3.46) | ||||
| SF-36 physical functioning | 0.53 (−1.31 to 2.37) | ||||
| SF-36 role emotional score | 2.1 (−1.9 to 6.1) | ||||
| SF-36 role physical score | 1.16 (−1.62 to 3.93) | ||||
| SF-36 social functioning | 1.99 (−1.22 to 5.21) | ||||
| Vitality score difference | 2.03 (−0.39 to 4.44) | ||||
| EuroQol | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.08) | ||||
| EuroQol thermometer | 2.28 (−2.75 to 7.32) | ||||
| Pulmonary rehabilitation | Nishiyama et al10 | 6MWD | 46.30 (8.30 to 84.40) | 27.4 (4.1 to 50.7), I2=33.9%, p=0.021 | |
| Holland et al11 | 16.12 (−13.32 to 45.56) | ||||
| Kozu et al14 | 16.2 (7.1 to 25.4) | ||||
| Holland 2008 | SF-36 functioning | 1.83 (−1.19 to 4.85) | |||
| Kozu et al14 | 1.9 (−1.1 to 5) | ||||
| Holland 2008 | SF-36 role physical | 1.01 (0.27 to 1.75) | |||
| Kozu et al14 | 1.0 (−1.6 to 3.6) | ||||
| Holland 2008 | SF-36 pain index | 0.69 (−0.95 to 2.33) | |||
| Kozu et al14 | −2.7 (−8.2 to 2.7) | ||||
| Holland et al11 | SF-36 general health perception | 2.67 (0.23 to 5.09) | |||
| Kozu et al14 | −0.2 (−2.8 to 2.4) | ||||
| Holland et al11 | SF-36 vitality | 4.50 (2.24 to 6.76) | |||
| Kozu et al14 | 0.9 (−1.9 to 3.6) | ||||
| Holland et al11 | SF-36 social functioning | 1.73 (−0.05 to 3.51) | |||
| Kozu et al14 | −0.7 (−3.2 to 1.8) | ||||
| Holland et al11 | SF-36 role emotional | 0.10 (−0.90 to 1.10) | |||
| Kozu et al14 | −0.9 (−5.4 to 3.6) | ||||
| Holland et al11 | SF-36 mental health index | 4.52 (1.10 to 7.94) | |||
| Kozu et al14 | 1.9 (−1.1 to 5) | ||||
| Holland et al11 | MRC scale | −0.84 (−1.73 to 0.05) | |||
| Kozu et al14 | −0.4 (−0.6 to −0.3) | ||||
| Nishiyama et al10 | Baseline Dyspnoea Index | 0.4 (−0.6 to 1.4) | |||
| SGRQ total score | −6.1 (−11.7 to −0.5) | ||||
| SGRQ symptom score | −5.7 (−18.7 to 7.2) | ||||
| SGRQ activity score | −5.8 (−14.7 to 3.1) | ||||
| SGRQ impact score | −6.2 (−12.8 to 0.3) | ||||
| Holland et al11 | CRDQ dyspnoea | 5.43 (1.34 to 9.52) | |||
| CRDQ fatigue | 4.67 (1.76 to 7.58) | ||||
| CRDQ mastery | 3.33 (0.82 to 5.84) | ||||
| CRDQ emotional | 7.44 (0.87 to 14.01) | ||||
| Swigris et al15 | 6MWD | 61.6 (−19.08 to 142.22) | |||
| Fatigue Severity Scale | −1.5 (−2.48 to −0.52) | ||||
| General Anxiety Disorder 7 | −1.4 (−3.36 to 0.56) | ||||
| Patients’ Health Questionnaire 8 | −0.9 (−2.27 to 0.47) | ||||
| Pittsburgh Sleep Total | 0.9 (−0.67 to 2.47) | ||||
| SF-36 physical functioning | 1.2 (−3.11 to 5.51) | ||||
| Role physical | 1.5 (−2.42 to 5.42) | ||||
| Bodily pain | 2.7 (−2.59 to 7.99) | ||||
| General health | 1.4 (−4.09 to 6.89) | ||||
| Vitality | 3.6 (−0.71 to 7.91) | ||||
| Social functioning | 1.9 (−2.41 to 6.21) | ||||
| Role emotional | −1.9 (−10.33 to 6.53) | ||||
| Mental health | 1.6 (−1.73 to 4.93) | ||||
| Physical component summary | 3.0 (−1.12 to 7.12) | ||||
| Mental component summary | 0.3 (−5.19 to 5.79) | ||||
| Bosentan | King et al26 | SF-36 physical functioning | 0 (−3.9 to 3.9) | ||
| SF-36 role-physical | −2.80 (−7.70 to 2.20) | ||||
| SF-36 pain index | 0.70 (−4.20 to 5.70) | ||||
| SF-36 general health perception | −2.90 (−6.50 to 0.60) | ||||
| SF-36 vitality | −1.60 (−5.40 to 2.10) | ||||
| SF-36 social functioning | −1.50 (−6.40 to 3.40) | ||||
| SF-36 role-emotional | −3.20 (−8.60 to 2.20) | ||||
| SF-36 mental health index | −1.60 (−5.30 to 2.20) | ||||
| SF-36 health transition score | 0 (−0.20 to 0.20) | ||||
| EuroQol EQ-5D health state score | −0.04 (−0.10 to 0.03) | ||||
| EuroQol EQ-5D visual analogue score | −1.50 (−5.40 to 2.40) | ||||
| Transition dyspnoea Index | 0.10 (−0.50 to 0.70) | ||||
| King Jr et al8 | 6MWD | −18.00 (−57.23 to 21.23) | |||
| SGRQ total | −6.60 (−0.72 to −12.48) | ||||
| Pirfenidone | Noble et al7 | 6MWD | 24.0 (4.3 to 43.7) | ||
| CAPACITY 004 | 16.4 (−10.9 to 43.7) | ||||
| CAPACITY 006 | 31.8 (3.2 to 60.4) | ||||
| CAPACITY 004 | UCSD | −3.1 (8.5 to 2.3) | −2.5 (−6.4 to 1.4) | ||
| CAPACITY 006 | −2.0 (−7.6 to 3.6) | ||||
| Co-trimoxazole | Varney et al24 | SGRQ total score | −2.52 (−19.01 to 13.97) | ||
| SGRQ symptom score | −7.5 (−28.54 to 13.54) | ||||
| SGRQ activity score | 0.4 (−18.53 to 19.33) | ||||
| SGRQ impact score | −5.9 (−24.21 to 12.41) | ||||
| Etanercept | Raghu et al35 | 6MWD | 14.9 (−29.28 to 59.08) | ||
| NAC | Tomioka et al39 | 6MWD | 66.4 (−37.94 to 170.74) | ||
| SF-36 physical functioning | −0.7 (−18.18 to 16.78) | ||||
| SF-36 bodily pain | −6.1 (−30.52 to 18.32) | ||||
| SF-36 role physical | −6.7 (−42.77 to 29.38) | ||||
| SF-36 general health | 6.4 (−6.36 to 19.16) | ||||
| SF-36 vitality | 13.4 (−1.45 to 28.25) | ||||
| SF-36 social functioning | 8.7 (−11.27 to 28.68) | ||||
| SF-36 role emotional | 42.2 (−1.64 to 86.04) | ||||
| SF-36 mental health | 12.7 (0.76 to 26.16) | ||||
| Demedts et al31 | Dyspnoea score | −0.32 (−1.72 to 1.09) | |||
| Interferon α | Lutherer et al37 | Leicester cough questionnaire score | 3.16 (1.58 to 4.74) | ||
| Doxycycline | Mishra et al40 | 6MWD | 43.0 (−36.05 to 122.01) | ||
| Total SGRQ score | −32.5 (22.91 to 42.09) |
Lower SGRQ score indicates better quality of life. Higher score on EQ-5D indicates a better quality of life and a negative value indicates a health state worse than death.
CRDQ, Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; 6MWD, 6-minute walking distance; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; SF-36, Short Form Health Survey; SGRQ, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; UCSD, University of California San Diego shortness of breath questionnaire.