Thirty-day mortality risk according to initial monotherapy versus combination antibiotic treatment in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia*
| No of patients (column %) | No of deaths (row %) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-lactam iv+aminoglycoside | 242 (15.3) | 31 (12.8) | 1.43 (0.93 to 2.20) | 1.95 (1.16 to 3.27) |
| β-lactam iv+macrolide | 26 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 0.27 (0 to 1.52)‡ | N/A |
| β-lactam iv+quinolone | 31 (2.0) | 1 (3.2) | 0.33 (0.04 to 2.41) | 0.93 (0.11 to 7.78) |
| β-lactam iv+macrolide/quinolone | 57 (3.6) | 1 (1.8) | 0.17 (0.02 to 1.27) | 0.24 (0.03 to 2.07) |
| β-lactam iv+other antibiotics | 30 (1.9) | 2 (6.7) | 0.70 (0.16 to 2.97) | 0.60 (0.07 to 5.03) |
| β-lactam iv only | 1098 (69.5) | 102 (9.3) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
*Initial intravenous (iv) β -lactam monotherapy compared with combined therapy. β-lactam iv=penicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, piperacillin-tazobactam or carbapenem. Macrolide=erythromycin, clarithromycin or azithromycin. Quinolone=levofloxacin or moxifloxacin. Other antibiotics=ampicillin, ceftazidim, ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin, clindamycin, vancomycin, metronidazole or doxycyclin.
†Adjusted ORs: antibiotic regimen adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol and comorbidities associated with mortality at a p value of <0.1 in univariate analyses (ie, heart disease, pulmonary disease, liver disease, renal disease and solid tumour) and serotype.
‡Calculated with exact logistic regression.
N/A, not applicable.