Exposure | Current wheeze | Severe asthma | Current wheeze (VQ) | Rhinoconjunctivitis | Severe rhinoconjunctivitis | Eczema | Severe eczema |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Butter | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.10) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14) | 1.07 (1.00 to 1.14) | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.05) | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.35) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.05) | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.19) |
≥3×wk | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.12) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.20) | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.16) | 1.37 (1.18 to 1.58) | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.17) | 1.30 (1.15 to 1.48) |
Cereals | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.09) | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.05) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) | 0.82 (0.68 to 0.99) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.07) | 0.90 (0.76 to 1.07) |
≥3×wk | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.09) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.09) | 0.98 (0.82 to 1.17) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.10) | 1.00 (0.85 to 1.17) |
Eggs | |||||||
1or2×wk | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.04) | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.00) | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97) | 0.91 (0.78 to 1.05) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) | 0.88 (0.77 to 1.00) |
≥3×wk | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.12) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.17) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.11) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.08) | 1.17 (1.01 to 1.37) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.20) | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.32) |
Fast food | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15) | 1.12 (1.05 to 1.19) | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.10) | 1.08 (0.96 to 1.22) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.10) | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.32) |
≥3×wk | 1.25 (1.18 to 1.33) | 1.39 (1.30 to 1.49) | 1.24 (1.14 to 1.34) | 1.21 (1.14 to 1.28) | 1.73 (1.50 to 2.00) | 1.20 (1.11 to 1.28) | 1.70 (1.48 to 1.95) |
Fruit | |||||||
1or2×wk | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97) | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.98) | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.02) | 0.84 (0.78 to 0.91) | 0.79 (0.65 to 0.95) | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) | 0.81 (0.67 to 0.97) |
≥3×wk | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) | 0.85 (0.77 to 0.93) | 0.85 (0.80 to 0.91) | 0.83 (0.70 to 1.00) | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.08) | 0.89 (0.76 to 1.06) |
Margarine | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11) | 1.07 (1.00 to 1.13) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.05) | 0.98 (0.85 to 1.12) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.11) | 1.05 (0.92 to 1.19) |
≥3×wk | 1.11 (1.05 to 1.18) | 1.14 (1.06 to 1.22) | 1.13 (1.03 to 1.23) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.22) | 1.35 (1.16 to 1.57) | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.26) | 1.32 (1.15 to 1.51) |
Meat | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.09) | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.06) | 0.98 (0.88 to 1.08) | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.21) | 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99) | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.10) |
≥3×wk | 1.13 (1.05 to 1.22) | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.17) | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.17) | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20) | 1.32 (1.08 to 1.61) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.17) | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.31) |
Milk | |||||||
1or2×wk | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.03) | 0.91 (0.83 to 1.00) | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.98) | 0.84 (0.71 to 0.99) | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97) | 0.85 (0.73 to 0.99) |
≥3×wk | 0.94 (0.89 to 1.00) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.95) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.00) | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.11) | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.96) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.00) |
Nuts | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.09) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.17) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.09) | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.05) | 1.00 (0.89 to 1.14) | 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15) | 1.12 (1.00 to 1.25) |
≥3×wk | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.18) | 1.28 (1.18 to 1.39) | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.13) | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.18) | 1.78 (1.52 to 2.08) | 1.21 (1.12 to 1.31) | 1.59 1.36 to 1.85) |
Pasta | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.13) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | 1.08 (1.00 to 1.16) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.08) | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.12) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.06) | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) |
≥3×wk | 1.15 (1.07 to 1.22) | 1.25 (1.15 to 1.35) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.27) | 1.15 (1.08 to 1.22) | 1.47 (1.24 to 1.74) | 1.13 (1.05 to 1.22) | 1.38 (1.19 to 1.60) |
Potato | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.06) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.06) | 1.01 (0.93 to 1.11) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.13) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.10) | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.22) |
≥3×wk | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.11) | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.16) | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.16) | 1.07 (1.00 to 1.14) | 1.23 (1.04 to 1.46) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.22) | 1.31 (1.12 to 1.55) |
Pulses | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.06) | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.10) | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.06) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.12) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.08) |
≥3×wk | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.09) | 1.15 (1.07 to 1.24) | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.15) | 1.09 (1.03 to 1.16) | 1.26 (1.08 to 1.47) | 1.17 (1.09 to 1.26) | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.45) |
Rice | |||||||
1or2×wk | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.04) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.04) | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.03) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.09) | 0.98 (0.81 to 1.18) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.13) |
≥3×wk | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.13) | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.18) | 1.03 (0.94 to 1.14) | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.21) | 1.27 (1.04 to 1.54) | 1.13 (1.04 to 1.23) | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.53) |
Seafood | |||||||
1or2×wk | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.07) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.11) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.04) | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) | 1.03 (0.91 to 1.17) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.14) | 1.07 (0.96 to 1.20) |
≥3×wk | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.14) | 1.18 (1.09 to 1.28) | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.20) | 1.07 (1.00 to 1.15) | 1.49 (1.26 to 1.76) | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.31) | 1.35 (1.15 to 1.59) |
Vegetables | |||||||
1or2×wk | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.00) | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.00) | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.96) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.02) | 0.81 (0.70 to 0.94) |
≥3×wk | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02) | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.96) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.05) | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.11) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 0.96 (0.83 to 1.10) |
Statistically significant inverse associations are identified by bold italic text and statistically significant positive associations are identified by bold text.
Adjusted for region, gender, language, Gross National Income, exercise, television viewing, maternal education and current maternal smoking.
*Frequent consumption of foods ‘once or twice per week’ and ‘≥3 times per week’ in relation to ‘never or only occasionally’ as the base category.