Sensitivity analysis using a stricter definition for asthma* (n=15 424): the association of baseline cod liver oil intake with cumulative incidence of asthma over 11-year follow-up period, the HUNT Study, 1995–1997 to 2006–2008
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cod liver oil daily intake ≥1 month past year | No. | Cases | % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Model I† | Model II‡ | Model III§ |
| Total (n=15424) | |||||||
| No | 12796 | 256 | 2.0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 2628 | 87 | 3.3 | 1.68 (1.31 to 2.15) | 1.84 (1.43 to 2.37) | 1.59 (1.18 to 2.15) | |
| Each 1 month intake | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.07) | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.07) | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.07) | ||||
| Men (n=6797) | |||||||
| No | 5830 | 100 | 1.7 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 967 | 26 | 2.7 | 1.58 (1.02 to 2.45) | 1.66 (1.06 to 2.60) | 1.63 (0.97 to 2.72) | |
| Each 1 month intake | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.09) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) | ||||
| Women (n=8627) | |||||||
| No | 6966 | 156 | 2.2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 1661 | 61 | 3.7 | 1.66 (1.23 to 2.25) | 1.97 (1.44 to 2.69) | 1.93 (1.41 to 2.66) | 1.60 (1.10 to 2.31) |
| Each 1 month intake | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.08) | 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11) | 1.07 (1.03 to 1.10) | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.08) | |||
*Stricter definition for asthma: participants who were free from wheeze and asthma at baseline reported asthma at follow-up in combination with use of asthma medication; participants who were free from wheeze and asthma at baseline and at follow-up served as the reference group.
†Model I adjusted for age, sex, daily smoking, physical activity, education, social benefit, economic difficulties, family history of asthma and body mass index.
‡Model II adjusted for vitamin D supplementation in addition to the covariates in model I among women.
§Model III adjusted for use of multivitamins in addition to the covariates in model I.
HUNT, Nord-Trøndelag Health Study.