Whole and within initial treatment group changes from baseline to week 24
| Overall mean or median change (95% CI or IQR) (n=48) | p Value | CPAP mean or median change (95% CI or IQR) (n=26) | p Value | Sham mean or median change (95% CI or IQR) (n=20) | p Value | |
| OSA and sleepiness | ||||||
| AHI (events/h) | −33.7 (−46.6 to −25.7) | <0.0001* | −33.6 (−46.6 to −24.7) | <0.0001* | −36.9 (−52.4 to −25.7) | <0.0001* |
| ODI (events/h) | −29.7 (−38.1 to −16.0) | <0.0001* | −28.7 (−38.1 to −15.1) | <0.0001* | −29.7 (−51.7 to −20.7) | <0.0001* |
| Subjective (ESS, scale 0–24) | −3.7 (−4.8 to −2.6) | <0.0001 | −3.4 (−4.7 to −2.1) | <0.0001 | −4.1 (−6.0 to −2.1) | 0.0004 |
| Objective (modified MWT, min) | −0.5 (−1.3 to 0.3) | 0.21 | 0.6 (−1.7 to 0.5) | 0.30 | −0.2 (−1.5 to 1.1) | 0.68 |
| Body composition | ||||||
| VAF (cm3) | −1.4 (−19.2 to 16.4) | 0.87 | −6.6 (−31.4 to 18.2) | 0.58 | 4.0 (−23.8 to 31.9) | 0.76 |
| Subcutaneous abdominal fat (cm3) | 1.6 (−16.4 to 19.7) | 0.85 | −0.5 (−29.1 to 28.1) | 0.97 | 4.1 (−19.4 to 27.7) | 0.72 |
| Liver fat (HU) | −0.2 (−2.4 to 2.0) | 0.83 | −0.5 (−2.0 to 1.0) | 0.49 | 0.3 (−3.1 to 3.8) | 0.85 |
| Liver/spleen ratio (HU) | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.03) | 0.42 | −0.04 (−0.09 to 0.008) | 0.09 | 0.006 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.91 |
| Total fat (kg) | −0.1 (−1.0 to 0.8) | 0.83 | −0.7 (−3.7 to 2.3) | 0.63 | 0.5 (−0.2 to 1.1) | 0.16 |
| Lean muscle (kg) | 1.4 (0.8 to 1.9) | <0.0001 | 1.2 (0.5 to 1.9) | 0.0018 | 1.7 (0.7 to 2.6) | 0.002 |
| Metabolic markers | ||||||
| ISx (min−1)(μU/ml)−1 | 3.2×104 (0.9×104 to 6.0×104) | 0.009 | 4.0×104 (0.9×104 to 8.0×104) | 0.02 | 2.0×104 (−1.0×104 to 6.0×104) | 0.20 |
| Disposition index (unit) | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.08) | 0.12 | 0.05 (−0.05 to 0.15) | 0.29 | 0.02 (−0.008 to 0.06) | 0.13 |
| HOMA (unit) | 0.06 (−0.38 to 0.50) | 0.78 | −0.31 (−0.85 to 0.22) | 0.24 | 0.50 (−0.23 to 1.23) | 0.16 |
| QUICKI (unit) | 0.002 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.78 | 0.02 (0.003 to 0.03) | 0.02 | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.01) | 0.20 |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/ml) | −0.88 (−2.65 to 0.90) | 0.32 | −2.62 (−4.85 to −0.39) | 0.02 | 1.4 (−1.3 to 4.1) | 0.29 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/litre) | 0.14 (0.002 to 0.28) | 0.05 | 0.13 (−0.07 to 0.33) | 0.18 | 0.15 (−0.06 to 0.36) | 0.15 |
| Leptin (IU/litre) | −1.05 (−3.03 to 0.94) | 0.29 | −1.30 (−4.03 to 1.43) | 0.33 | −0.71 (−3.88 to 2.46) | 0.64 |
| Adiponectin (IU/litre) | −0.26 (−0.82 to 0.31) | 0.37 | −0.06 (−0.57 to 0.45) | 0.81 | −0.52 (−3.88 to 0.68) | 0.38 |
Bold values are statistically significant (p<0.05).
Data are whole and within-group mean or median differences from baseline (and 95% CIs or IQRs) as appropriate. The significance of the differences was assessed by t test after normalisation as required, or by rank-sum test as indicated with *.
AHI, apnea hypopnoea index; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HU, Hounsfield unit; ISx, insulin sensitivity as measured by minimal model analysis; MWT, modified wakefulness test; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; VAF, visceral abdominal fat.