Clinical and demographic characteristics of study participants
| OLD absent | OLD present | p Value | |
| N | 901 | 176 | |
| Age, years | 47.7 (7.76) | 49.6 (8.88) | 0.004 |
| Male, n (%) | 586 (65) | 118 (67) | 0.61 |
| Black race, n (%) | 805 (89) | 149 (85) | 0.07 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.7 (22.7–30.1) | 23.9 (21.5–28.1) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Current | 769 (85) | 155 (88) | 0.55 |
| Former | 84 (9) | 15 (9) | |
| Never | 47 (5) | 6 (3) | |
| Smoking, pack-years | 20 (12–33) | 22 (14–39) | 0.02 |
| FEV1 | |||
| Absolute (l) | 2.92 (0.74) | 2.26 (0.82) | <0.001 |
| % Predicted | 95.7 (15.4) | 71.7 (18.8) | <0.001 |
| FVC (l) | 3.70 (0.96) | 3.57 (1.15) | 0.11 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | 0.79 (0.05) | 0.63 (0.07) | <0.001 |
| Ever smoked cocaine or heroin, n (%) | 643 (72) | 126 (72) | 0.99 |
| Hepatitis C antibody-positive, n (%) | 754 (84) | 149 (85) | 0.75 |
| Current IDU, n (%)* | |||
| None | 523 (58) | 105 (60) | 0.17 |
| <1 injection/day | 221 (25) | 33 (19) | |
| ≥1 injection/day | 157 (17) | 38 (22) | |
Values presented as mean (SD) or median (IQR) unless indicated otherwise.
↵* In previous 6 months.
BMI, body mass index;FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; IDU, injection drug use; OLD, obstructive lung disease; pack-years, number of packs smoked per day × years smoked.