Background characteristics of children with CF and healthy controls (HC)
| Background details | CF | HC | Mean difference (CF-HC) (95% CI) | p value |
| Boys | 22/60 (37.7%) | 29/60 (53.7%) | −17% (−35 to 1.0%) | 0.067 |
| Birth weight z-score28 | −0.4 (1.2) | −0.2 (1.1) | −0.2 (−0.6 to 0.3) | 0.479 |
| Gestational age | 39.0 (2.3) | 39.4 (1.6) | −0.4 (−1.2 to 0.3) | 0.277 |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 14/59 (23.7%) | 12/52 (26.9%) | −3.2 (−19.4 to 13.0) | 0.699 |
| Current smoking exposure | 20/59 (33.9%) | 20/54 (37.0%) | −3.1 (−20.8 to 14.5) | 0.727 |
| White (European) | 54/60 (90.0%) | 42/54 (77.8%) | 12.2 (−1.2 to 25.7) | 0.074 |
| At time of test | ||||
| Age (y) | 7.8 (1.3) | 7.9 (1.2) | − 0.1 (−0.5 to 0.4) | 0.851 |
| Height z-score29 | −0.4 (1.1) | 0.3 (1.1) | − 0.7 (−1.1 to −0.3) | 0.001 |
| Weight z-score29 | −0.2 (1.1) | 0.3 (0.9) | − 0.4 (−0.8 to −0.1) | 0.022 |
| BMI z-score29 | 0.1 (1.1) | 0.2 (0.9) | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.3) | 0.564 |
Results are presented as mean (SD) or n(%).