Characteristics of the study subjects by gender, Bergen, Norway 2003–2005
| Subjects with COPD | Subjects without COPD | |||||
| Male | Female | p Value | Male | Female | p Value | |
| n=583 (61.1%) | n=371 (38.9%) | n=479 (50.2%) | n=476 (49.8%) | |||
| Age, years | 66.2 (10.2) | 64.4 (9.8) | 0.009 | 56.3 (9.9) | 54.8 (9.4) | 0.013 |
| Smoking, % | ||||||
| Ex- | 55.6 | 49.1 | 0.049 | 64.3 | 53.6 | 0.001 |
| Current | 44.4 | 50.9 | 35.7 | 46.4 | ||
| Pack-years, median (25, 75*) | 32.2 (22.5, 44.9) | 24.0 (17.2, 34.1) | <0.001 | 18.0 (10.5, 28.0) | 14.2 (8.0, 23.3) | <0.001 |
| Age started smoking, years | 17.4 (3.7) | 20.5 (6.2) | <0.001 | 17.7 (3.8) | 19.2 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Self-reported asthma, % | 42.7 | 61.6 | <0.001 | 6.3 | 12.8 | 0.001 |
| Bronchodilator response | 7.4 (13.1) | 8.5 (13.6) | 0.229 | 3.1 (4.0) | 3.8 (4.5) | 0.015 |
| Occupational exposure, % | 79.4 | 45.5 | <0.001 | 66.7 | 32.4 | <0.001 |
| Educational level, % | ||||||
| Primary | 29.9 | 33.6 | 0.008 | 16.5 | 12.2 | 0.100 |
| Secondary | 56.3 | 59.0 | 57.1 | 62.8 | ||
| University | 13.9 | 7.4 | 26.4 | 25.0 | ||
| Post-BD spirometry | ||||||
| FEV1% predicted | 51.2 (17.8) | 50.3 (16.7) | 0.405 | 94.4 (8.9) | 95.4 (9.2) | 0.093 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.168 | 0.8 (0.04) | 0.8 (0.04) | 0.225 |
| GOLD stage, % | ||||||
| 2 | 55.1 | 55.5 | 0.971 | – | – | |
| 3 | 30.4 | 30.5 | – | – | ||
| 4 | 14.6 | 14.0 | – | – | ||
Unless otherwise noted, data are presented as means (SD).
↵* 25th and 75th percentiles.
FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; post-BD, postbronchodilator.