Association of asthma with invasive pneumococcal infection among persons aged 18–49 years: a conditional logistic regression model
| Characteristic | Patients | Controls | mOR | 95% CI | p Value | PAR* | 95% CI |
| (N=1282) | (N=12785) | ||||||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
| High risk asthma† | 14 (1.1) | 12 (0.1) | 12.3 | 5.4 to 28.0 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.0035 to 0.017 |
| Low risk asthma‡ | 77 (6.0) | 302 (2.4) | 2.8 | 2.1 to 3.6 | <0.001 | 0.039 | 0.023 to 0.055 |
| Chronic liver disease | 9 (0.7) | 1 (<0.1) | 96.6 | 10.6 to 883.9 | <0.001 | 0.0069 | 0.0016 to 0.012 |
| Haematological malignancy | 25 (2.0) | 5 (<0.1) | 56.0 | 20.0 to 157.0 | <0.001 | 0.019 | 0.010 to 0.028 |
| Diseases of spleen | 2 (0.2) | 1 (<0.1) | 35.6 | 3.0 to 428.5 | <0.005 | 0.0015 | 0.00 to 0.0040 |
| Alcohol-related diseases | 151 (11.8) | 72 (0.6) | 27.2 | 19.9 to 37.3 | <0.001 | 0.11 | 0.092 to 0.13 |
| HIV infection | 10 (0.8) | 7 (0.1) | 14.3 | 5.3 to 38.5 | <0.001 | 0.0073 | 0.0018 to 0.013 |
| Non-haematological malignancy | 11 (0.9) | 23 (0.2) | 5.1 | 2.4 to 10.9 | <0.001 | 0.0069 | 0.0016 to 0.013 |
| Organ or bone marrow transplantation | 13 (1.0) | 13 (0.1) | 2.9 | 1.0 to 8.8 | 0.059 | 0.0067 | 0.00 to 0.015 |
| Cardiac failure | 8 (0.6) | 13 (0.1) | 2.8 | 1.0 to 8.2 | 0.059 | 0.004 | 0.00 to 0.010 |
| Immunodeficiency or rheumatic diseases | 56 (4.4) | 190 (1.5) | 3.1 | 2.3 to 4.4 | <0.001 | 0.030 | 0.017 to 0.044 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 45 (3.5) | 148 (1.2) | 2.3 | 1.6 to 3.5 | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.0076 to 0.034 |
↵* Population-attributable risk. The population exposure prevalence is estimated internally from cases—that is, 1.1% for HRA and 6.0% for LRA.
↵† Hospitalisation for asthma in the past 12 months; four patients hospitalised for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their controls were excluded.
↵‡ Entitlement to a prescription drug benefit for asthma but no hospitalisation for asthma in the past 12 months.
mOR, matched odds ratio.