Factors associated with childhood OSAS defined as OAHI of 5 or greater or ICSD-II criteria*
| OAHI ≥5 | ICSD-II | |||||||
| Univariate | Multivariate† | Univariate | Multivariate† | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age, years | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 0.414 | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 0.248 | ||||
| Male gender | 2.1 (1.2 to 3.8) | 0.016 | 2.4 (1.2 to 4.7) | 0.012 | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.6) | 0.227 | ||
| Composite score | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 0.015 | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3) | 0.046 | ||
| Weight group | ||||||||
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Overweight | 2.1 (1.1 to 4.0) | 0.021 | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.8) | 0.103 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.5) | 0.755 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.6) | 0.784 |
| Obese | 3.7 (2.0 to 6.7) | <0.001 | 2.9 (1.4 to 5.8) | 0.003 | 4.4 (2.4 to 8.1) | <0.001 | 2.9 (1.4 to 5.8) | 0.003 |
| Atopic symptoms | ||||||||
| AR (past 12 months) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.0) | 0.044 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.2) | 0.613 | ||||
| Asthma (past 12 months) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.2) | 0.801 | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.9) | 0.609 | ||||
| Soft tissue sizes | ||||||||
| Tonsil | ||||||||
| 0–25% | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 26–50% | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.8) | 0.036 | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.4) | 0.168 | 3.4 (1.7 to 6.6) | <0.001 | 2.6 (1.2 to 5.4) | 0.012 |
| 51–75% | 8.1 (4.1 to 16.0) | 0.000 | 6.9 (3.3 to 14.6) | <0.001 | 8.5 (4.0 to 18.0) | <0.001 | 6.2 (2.8 to 13.9) | <0.001 |
| 76–100% | 5.0 (1.3 to 19.6) | 0.022 | 5.7 (1.2 to 26.4) | 0.026 | 1.9 (0.2 to 15.7) | 0.549 | 2.4 (0.3 to 21.4) | 0.433 |
| Adenoid | ||||||||
| 0–25% | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 26–50% | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.0) | 0.880 | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.2) | 0.109 | ||||
| 51–75% | 3.5 (1.6 to 7.5) | 0.002 | 3.5 (1.5 to 8.1) | 0.003 | ||||
| 76–100% | 4.3 (1.7 to 11.1) | 0.003 | 2.7 (0.9 to 8.6) | 0.087 | ||||
| Socioeconomic factors | ||||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||
| Primary or below | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Secondary | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.5) | 0.275 | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.2) | 0.889 | ||||
| Tertiary or above | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.8) | 0.152 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.2) | 0.813 | ||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||
| Primary or below | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Secondary | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.9) | 0.036 | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.1) | 0.783 | ||||
| Tertiary or above | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.8) | 0.552 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.8) | 0.452 | ||||
| Home area | ||||||||
| ≤400 sq ft | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 401–600 sq ft | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.6) | 0.533 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.2) | 0.882 | ||||
| >600 sq ft | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.2) | 0.534 | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.7) | 0.351 | ||||
| Family income | ||||||||
| ≤HK$10 000 | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| HK$10 001–15 000 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.2) | 0.925 | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.1) | 0.076 | ||||
| >HK$15 000 | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.6) | 0.399 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.4) | 0.418 | ||||
↵* ICSD-II, International Criteria of Sleep Disorders version II (ICSD-II) criteria required an obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) of 1 or greater plus habitual snoring plus at least one more obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS)-related symptom to define OSAS.
↵† Multivariate models were constructed by forward selection (likelihood ratio) method.
AR, allergic rhinitis.