Anxiety and longitudinal risk of an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
| Outcome measure | HR for anxious vs non-anxious (95% CI) | |
| Unadjusted | Multivariable adjusted | |
| No anxiety | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Anxiety | 1.45 (1.07 to 1.96) | 1.39 (1.007 to 1.90) |
| p=0.018 | p=0.045 | |
COPD exacerbation was defined as hospital-based care (either emergency department visit or hospitalisation) for COPD during prospective follow-up. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used.
Multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, educational attainment, household income and smoking history.