Table 3

Association between the consumption of selected foods and wheeze in the past year, asthma ever, skin prick test for atopy and specific IgE

	All centres^†
	Wheeze past year adjusted^*		Asthma ever adjusted^*		Skin prick test for atopy adjusted^*		BHR adjusted^*
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Meat intake (N)	27522		25171		15505		1794
Never/occasionally	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
1–2 times/week	0.89	0.74 to 1.07	1.05	0.86 to 1.28	1.01	0.83 to 1.21	0.86	0.56 to 1.33
≥3 times/week	0.86	0.70 to 1.06	1.11	0.90 to 1.35	1.06	0.86 to 1.30	1.05	0.60 to 1.83
p for linear trend		0.20		0.03		0.41		0.84

Burger consumption (N)	17220		15838		12005		2041
Never/occasionally	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
1–2 times/week	0.97	0.85 to 1.11	1.04	0.90 to 1.20	1.06	0.94 to 1.20	0.79	0.56 to 1.11
≥3 times/week	1.12	0.86 to 1.45	1.42	1.08 to 1.87	1.08	0.87 to 1.33	1.69	0.74 to 3.82
p for linear trend		0.05		0.28		0.44		0.48

Fizzy drink intake (N)	27037		25489		15317		2064
Never/occasionally	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
1–2 times/week	0.96	0.84 to 1.10	1.00	0.85 to 1.16	1.11	1.01 to 1.22	1.43	0.96 to 2.12
≥ 3 times/week	0.96	0.85 to 1.09	1.03	0.91 to 1.16	1.03	0.92 to 1.16	1.35	0.85 to 2.14
p for linear trend		0.33		0.33		0.49		0.45

Fish intake (N)	27357		25853		15380		2086
Never/occasionally	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
1–2 times/week	0.88	0.78 to 0.99	0.90	0.81 to 1.00	0.93	0.84 to 1.02	1.02	0.75 to 1.37
≥ 3 times/week	0.87	0.74 to 1.03	0.92	0.78 to 1.08	1.03	0.89 to 1.19	1.34	0.83 to 2.15
p for linear trend		0.29		0.04		0.81		0.30

Fruit intake (N)	27448		25100		15466		2094
Never/occasionally	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
1–2 times/week	0.84	0.71 to 0.99	0.89	0.72 to 1.10	1.04	0.89 to 1.21	0.75	0.43 to 1.33
≥ 3 times/week	0.79	0.68 to 0.91	0.85	0.74 to 0.98	0.95	0.81 to 1.10	0.98	0.66 to 1.47
p for linear trend		0.19		0.18		0.15		0.95

Vegetable intake raw green (N)	26750		24533		15083		2059
Never/occasionally	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
1–2 times/week	0.97	0.85 to 1.10	0.96	0.83 to 1.10	1.09	0.98 to 1.22	0.88	0.46 to 1.67
≥3 times/week	0.90	0.81 to 1.01	0.86	0.75 to 0.98	1.05	0.93 to 1.20	1.08	0.80 to 1.45
p for linear trend		0.14		0.15		0.63		0.74

Vegetable intake cooked (N)	25097		23634		13266		1667
Never/occasionally	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
1–2 times/week	0.96	0.84 to 1.10	0.89	0.78 to 1.02	1.11	0.98 to 1.26	1.23	0.78 to 1.93
≥3 times/week	0.94	0.83 to 1.06	0.86	0.74 to 0.996	1.05	0.93 to 1.19	1.20	0.82 to 1.77
p for linear trend		0.12		0.20		0.70		0.41

Fruit juice intake (N)	26929		25357		15348		2072
Never/occasionally	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
1–2 times/week	0.90	0.79 to 1.02	0.93	0.81 to 1.07	0.99	0.89 to 1.11	0.85	0.56 to 1.27
≥ 3 times/week	0.91	0.81 to 1.02	0.90	0.80 to 1.01	0.95	0.85 to 1.06	0.90	0.60 to 1.36
p for linear trend		0.39		0.14		0.21		0.55

↵* Adjusted for age, sex, environmental tobacco smoke, parental atopy, exercise and number of siblings (0, 1–2, ≥3 siblings).
↵† Random effect models for meta-analysis.
BHR, bronchial hyper-responsiveness.