Table 2

Association between dietary factors^§ and wheeze in past year according to affluence^‡

	Affluent countries						Non-affluent countries						Difference between affluent and non-affluent centres for adjusted^* models (p for z-test)
	Crude		Adjusted^*		Adjusted^†		Crude		Adjusted^*		Adjusted^†
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Meat intake (N)	24430		14398		10223		17947		13124		5493
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	0.78	0.66 to 0.92	0.92	0.71 to 1.20	0.99	0.74 to 1.33	0.84	0.66 to 1.07	0.83	0.64 to 1.09	0.79	0.57 to 1.11	0.593

Burger consumption (N)	13994		11509		10118		8404		5711		5158
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	1.20	1.04 to 1.37	1.11	0.96 to 1.26	1.09	0.93 to 1.28	0.81	0.64 to 1.03	0.76	0.61 to 0.95	0.76	0.60 to 0.95	0.005

Fizzy drink intake (N)	18062		14075		9979		17658		12962		5379
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	1.08	0.92 to 1.26	1.02	0.86 to 1.22	1.00	0.84 to 1.18	0.83	0.73 to 0.94	0.87	0.74 to 1.01	0.82	0.67 to 1.00	0.164

Fish intake (N)	24934		14426		10262		17904		12931		5306
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	0.88	0.80 to 0.97	0.85	0.74 to 0.97	0.81	0.70 to 0.94	0.93	0.79 to 1.08	0.91	0.75 to 1.10	0.94	0.77 to 1.15	0.589

Fruit intake (N)	18334		14314		10158		17901		13134		5477
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	0.81	0.69 to 0.95	0.86	0.73 to 1.02	0.81	0.67 to 0.98	0.71	0.60 to 0.84	0.71	0.57 to 0.88	0.72	0.54 to 0.95	0.168

Vegetable intake raw green (N)	17696		13810		10106		17583		12940		5314
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	0.91	0.82 to 1.01	0.95	0.84 to 1.08	0.96	0.84 to 1.09	0.83	0.70 to 0.99	0.86	0.72 to 1.02	0.85	0.66 to 1.09	0.327

Vegetable intake cooked (N)	16097		12205		8131		17552		12892		5274
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	0.99	0.88 to 1.11	1.03	0.91 to 1.11	1.03	0.89 to 1.19	0.85	0.75 to 0.98	0.78	0.65 to 0.95	0.78	0.63 to 0.97	0.018

Fruit juice intake (N)	17869		13917		9873		16431		13012		5422
No	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref	1	Ref
Yes	1.01	0.90 to 1.14	1.00	0.85 to 1.18	1.03	0.83 to 1.29	0.81	0.66 to 0.99	0.80	0.68 to 0.94	0.84	0.68 to 1.03	0.053

↵* Adjusted for age, sex, environmental tobacco smoke, parental atopy, exercise and number of siblings (0, 1–2, ≥3 siblings).
↵† Adjusted for age, sex, environmental tobacco smoke, parental atopy, exercise, number of siblings (0, 1–2, ≥3 siblings) and maternal education.
↵‡ Random effect models for meta-analysis.
↵§ Dietary variables in the ‘never’ and ‘less than once per week’ categories were classified as NO and dietary variables in the ‘1–2 times per week’, ‘3–6 times per week’ and ‘once per day or more often’ were classified as YES.