Author | Year | Subjects | Smoking | Method | Results and comments |
Nihlen | 200315 | 26 Control | Current, ex and never | Nasal lavage before and after nasal histamine challenge | Prechallenge, no differences in nasal wash α2M, fucose, ECP or MPO between controls and COPD. Significantly greater MPO response to histamine in subjects with COPD. In COPD, the presence of nasal symptoms was associated with greater increases in MPO and fucose concentration. Any patients with COPD prescribed inhaled corticosteroids had these withdrawn 2 weeks prior to challenge. |
23 COPD, mean FEV1 56% | Current and ex | ||||
Vachier | 200419 | 14 Control | Current and never | Matched nasal and endobronchial biopsy | Smoking associated with squamous metaplasia in nose and lung, and increased CD8+ cells compared with control non-smokers. Eosinophils fewer, and neutrophils and macrophages more abundant in nasal and bronchial biopsies of smokers with COPD than control smokers. No patients with COPD were prescribed inhaled corticosteroids. |
14 COPD, median FEV1 67% | Current | ||||
Hurst | 200516 | 12 Control | Ex and never | Nasal lavage, with paired sputum in COPD patients | Greater nasal wash IL8 (but not IL6 or total leucocytes) in ex-smoking COPD compared with matched controls. Significant relationship between sputum and nasal wash IL8 (but not IL6 or total leucocytes) in COPD. Lower airway bacterial colonisation in COPD associated with higher nasal bacterial load, and self-reported postnasal drip. Patients with COPD were on treatment, including some on inhaled corticosteroids. |
47 COPD, mean FEV1 39% | 35 matched ex and 12 current | ||||
Hens | 200818 | 23 Control | Ex and never | Nasal secretions collected by absorption | Greater nasal eotaxin, G-CSF and IFNγ (trend) in COPD. No differences in nasal IL1β, IL8, IP10, MIG, MCP-1 or VEGF. Patients with COPD were on treatment, including some on inhaled corticosteroids. |
31 COPD, mean FEV1 59% | Current and ex |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IFNγ, interferon γ; IL, interleukin; IP-10, interferon γ-induced protein 10; α2M, α-2-macroglobulin; MIG, monokine-induced by IFNγ; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MPO, myeloperoxidase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.