Hormone therapy and asthma onset among postmenopausal women by type of treatment, E3N cohort study
| * | Cases | Person-years | Multivariate adjusted† HR (95% CI) | Cases | Person-years | Multivariate-adjusted† HR (95% CI) |
| Oestrogen alone | Oestrogen/progestagens‡ | |||||
| Recency | ||||||
| Recent | 41 | 29 035 | 1.67 (1.20 to 2.32) | 208 | 210 608 | 1.14 (0.92 to 1.40) |
| Past | 14 | 4391 | 1.04 (0.51 to 2.12) | 34 | 7531 | 0.97 (0.64 to 1.46) |
| Duration | ||||||
| <2 years | 38 | 13 760 | 1.60 (1.12 to 2.27) | 159 | 67 671 | 1.20 (0.96 to 1.50) |
| ≥2 years | 17 | 19 666 | 1.39 (0.84 to 2.31) | 83 | 150 468 | 0.99 (0.76 to 1.30) |
| Oestrogen route§ ‡ | ||||||
| Oral | 10 | 5367 | 1.78 (0.93 to 3.38) | 78 | 59 791 | 1.21 (0.92 to 1.60) |
| Transdermal | 45 | 28 006 | 1.50 (1.07 to 2.09) | 163 | 158 263 | 1.08 (0.86 to 1.34) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never smoker | 28 | 31 724 | 1.80 (1.15 to 2.80) | 128 | 122 585 | 1.38 (1.02 to 1.86) |
| Ever smoker | 27 | 14 273 | 1.31 (0.85 to 2.03) | 114 | 95 342 | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.21) |
↵* Women without any information other than age of start of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) are excluded.
↵† Adjusted for tobacco use (never smoker/current smoker/past smoker/missing information), body mass index (kg/m2), ever use of oral contraceptive (yes/no), parity (nulliparous/≤2 full-term pregnancies/>2 full-term pregnancies/no information), total caloric intake (kcal/day), type of menopause (natural/surgical/unknown), further stratified by year of birth((1925–1929)/(1930–1934)/(1935–1939)/(1940–1944)/(1945–1950)).
↵‡ Progestagens include: progesterone, pregnane derivatives, norpregnane derivatives and testosterone derivatives.
↵§ Combined or not with a progestagen. Nasal oestrogen, weak oestrogen, other hormone therapy (HT) and unknown HT not shown.