Characteristics of all 1941 patients with tuberculosis (TB) in London according to HIV status
| All(N = 1941) | HIV positive(N = 193) | Not HIV positive(N = 1748)* | Unadjusted analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
| OR (95% CI) for having a positive HIV test | p Value† | OR (95% CI) for having a positive HIV test | p Value† | ||||
| Age group (N = 1932) | |||||||
| <20 years | 208 | 2 (1.0%) | 206 (11.9%) | 0.10 (0.02 to 0.42) | <0.0001 | 0.10 (0.02 to 0.42) | <0.0001 |
| 20–29 years | 602 | 53 (27.5%) | 549 (31.6%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 30–39 years | 512 | 90 (46.6%) | 422 (24.3%) | 2.21 (1.54 to 3.17) | 2.29 (1.48 to 3.54) | ||
| 40–49 years | 234 | 36 (18.7%) | 198 (11.4%) | 1.88 (1.20 to 2.96) | 2.30 (1.34 to 3.95) | ||
| 50–59 years | 173 | 9 (4.7%) | 164 (9.4%) | 0.57 (0.27 to 1.17) | 1.21 (0.51 to 2.86) | ||
| ⩾60 years | 203 | 3 (1.6%) | 200 (11.5%) | 0.16 (0.05 to 0.50) | 0.37 (0.11 to 1.27) | ||
| Gender (N = 1911) | |||||||
| Male | 1064 | 90 (47.6%) | 974 (56.6%) | Ref | 0.02 | Ref | 0.07 |
| Female | 847 | 99 (52.4%) | 748 (43.4%) | 1.43 (1.06 to 1.94) | 1.41 (0.97 to 2.03) | ||
| Ethnic group (N = 1941) | |||||||
| White | 303 | 24 (12.4%) | 279 (16.0%) | 17.78 (5.31 to 59.53) | <0.0001 | 32.14 (7.04 to 146.74) | <0.0001 |
| Black African | 748 | 157 (81.4%) | 591 (33.8%) | 54.90 (17.42 to 173.02) | 63.35 (15.44 to 259.96) | ||
| Chinese/Far East | 83 | 2 (1.0%) | 81 (4.6%) | 5.10 (0.84 to 31.00) | 6.03 (0.82 to 44.15) | ||
| ISBP | 623 | 3 (1.6%) | 620 (35.5%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Other/unknown | 184 | 7 (3.6%) | 177 (10.1%) | 8.17 (2.09 to 31.93) | 13.08 (2.54 to 67.51) | ||
| Time since arrival in UK (N = 1720) | |||||||
| UK-born | 376 | 18 (10.2%) | 358 (23.2%) | Ref | <0.0001 | Ref | 0.004 |
| Non-UK-born | 1344 | 158 (89.8%) | 1186 (76.8%) | 2.65 (2.60 to 4.38) | 2.90 (1.41 to 5.94) | ||
| Level of English reading (N = 1779) | |||||||
| None | 285 | 9 (4.9%) | 276 (17.3%) | Ref | <0.0001 | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Basic | 326 | 29 (15.8%) | 297 (18.6%) | 2.99 (1.39 to 6.44) | 4.08 (1.47 to 11.32) | ||
| Good | 1168 | 146 (79.4%) | 1022 (64.1%) | 4.38 (2.21 to 8.70) | 8.87 (3.15 to 25.01) | ||
| Interpreting required (N = 1941) | |||||||
| No | 1717 | 180 (93.3%) | 1537 (87.9%) | Ref | 0.03 | Ref | 0.25 |
| Yes | 224 | 13 (6.7%) | 211 (12.1%) | 0.53 (0.29 to 0.94) | 1.72 (0.67 to 4.39) | ||
| TB classification | |||||||
| PTB smear positive (N = 1941) | 381 | 40 (20.7%) | 341 (19.5%) | 1.08 (0.75 to 1.56) | 0.69 | 0.60 (0.37 to 0.96) | 0.03 |
| Extrapulmonary TB (N = 1941) | 828 | 70 (36.3%) | 758 (43.4%) | 0.74 (0.55 to 1.01) | 0.06 | 0.71 (0.47 to 1.08) | 0.11 |
| Previous TB (N = 1941) | 202 | 23 (11.9%) | 179 (10.2%) | 1.18 (0.75 to 1.88) | 0.47 | 1.06 (0.60 to 1.87) | 0.84 |
A test for an interaction between gender and ethnicity provides a p value of 0.004, indicating a significant interaction.
Among women there was an OR of 5.45 (95% CI 0.50 to 59.85) for whites vs ISBP; OR 69.21 (95% CI 9.26 to 517.43) for blacks vs ISBP; and OR 5.05 (0.50 to 50.79) for others vs ISBP. Among men there was an OR of 69.56 (95% CI 8.53 to 567.23) for whites vs ISBP; OR 61.18 (95% CI 8.31 to 450.14) for blacks vs ISBP; and OR 4.27 (95% CI 1.67 to 10.92) for others vs ISBP.
*The non-HIV-positive group contains patients who tested negative and those in whom the HIV status is unknown.
†p Values compare patients who were HIV-positive against those who were not HIV-positive using logistic regression analysis.
ISBP, patients from India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh or Pakistan; PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.