Table 1

Characteristics of 1006 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis

Characteristics	All patients (n = 1006)	Patients who developed ARDS (n = 326)	Patients who did not develop ARDS (n = 680)	p Value
Age, years	62.3 (17.1)	59.8 (17.7)	63.5 (16.7)	0.001
Female	402 (40.0%)	134 (41.1%)	268 (39.4%)	0.631
APACHE III score	74.8 (23.8)	82.6 (23.2)	71.0 (23.3)	<0.001
History of alcohol abuse	127 (12.6%)	51 (15.6%)	76 (11.2%)	0.054
History of steroid use	97 (9.7%)	33 (10.1%)	64 (9.4%)	0.733
Serum bilirubin (mg/dl)	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	0.9 (0.5–1.8)	0.6 (0.4–1.2)	<0.0001*
Bilirubin ⩾2.0 mg/dl	169 (16.8%)	73 (22.4%)	96 (14.1%)	0.002
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	1.4 (0.9–2.4)	1.4 (0.9–2.4)	1.3 (0.9–2.4)	0.525*
Platelets (×10⁹/l)	215.8 (133.5)	205.0 (145.2)	220.9 (127.3)	0.005
Septic shock	612 (60.8%)	234 (71.8%)	378 (55.6%)	<0.001
Pneumonia	593 (59.0%)	249 (76.4%)	344 (50.6%)	<0.001
Multiple transfusion	35 (3.5%)	11 (3.4%)	24 (3.5%)	1.00
End-stage renal disease	64 (6.4%)	23 (7.1%)	41 (6.0%)	0.540
Trauma	9 (0.9%)	5 (1.6%)	4 (0.6%)	0.159
Diabetes history	254 (25.4%)	63 (19.3%)	191 (28.2%)	0.003
Liver cirrhosis/failure	58 (5.8%)	26 (8.0%)	32 (4.7%)	0.043
PEEP >5 cm H₂O	313 (31.1%)	176 (54.0%)	137 (20.5%)	<0.0001
Microorganisms
Gram-positive	432 (42.9%)	130 (39.9%)	302 (44.4%)	0.174
Gram-negative	317 (31.5%)	110 (33.7%)	207 (30.4%)	0.292
Anaerobic	47 (4.7%)	9 (2.8%)	38 (5.6%)	0.047
Fungus	53 (5.3%)	25 (7.7%)	28 (4.1%)	0.018
Virus	12 (1.2%)	2 (0.6%)	10 (1.5%)	0.241
Unknown	336 (33.4%)	122 (37.4%)	214 (31.5%)	0.061

Data are presented as n (%), mean (SD) or median (lower quartile–upper quartile).
*Wilcoxon test.
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure