| Lung function measurement | Confounders | Mean ethnic group differences adjusted for confounders | ||
| Black–white | Asian/other–white | |||
| Women | FEV1/FVC (%) | – | 6.8 (4.6 to 9.0) | 2.0 (−1.5 to 5.5) |
| Age and height | 4.2 (2.1 to 6.4) | 0.4 (−2.5 to 3.2) | ||
| Full list* | 1.6 (−0.9 to 4.1) | −0.4 (−3.6 to 2.7) | ||
| FEV1 (litres) | – | −0.06 (−0.28 to 0.16) | −0.28 (−0.56 to 0.00) | |
| Age and height | −0.39 (−0.53 to −0.25) | −0.18 (−0.32 to −0.03) | ||
| Full list* | −0.43 (−0.55 to −0.30) | −0.30 (−0.46 to −0.15) | ||
| FVC (litres) | – | −0.31 (−0.57 to −0.06) | −0.45 (−0.74 to −0.16) | |
| Age and height | −0.65 (−0.82 to −0.49) | −0.26 (−0.43 to −0.09) | ||
| Full list* | −0.61 (−0.78 to −0.45) | −0.40 (−0.58 to −0.22) | ||
| Men | FEV1/FVC (%) | – | 7.2 (4.2 to 10.2) | 3.7 (−1.4 to 8.8) |
| Age and height | 4.3 (0.8 to 7.8) | 2.3 (−1.3 to 5.9) | ||
| Full list* | 1.2 (−2.1 to 4.4) | 1.2 (−1.7 to 4.0) | ||
| FEV1 (litres) | – | −0.09 (−0.42 to 0.23) | −0.44 (−0.90 to 0.03) | |
| Age and height | −0.44 (−0.68 to −0.20) | −0.41 (−0.72 to −0.10) | ||
| Full list* | −0.61 (−0.85 to −0.38) | −0.50 (−0.67 to −0.32) | ||
| FVC (litres) | – | −0.47 (−0.91 to −0.02) | −0.79 (−1.27 to −0.32) | |
| Age and height | −0.77 (−1.08 to −0.46) | −0.67 (−1.03 to −0.32) | ||
| Full list* | −0.87 (−1.14 to −0.61) | −0.74 (−0.95 to −0.54) | ||
*Age, height, pack years of smoking, current smoking, passive smoking, cough, phlegm, wheeze, breathlessness, diagnosed respiratory disease, body mass index, years in a dusty job, current dusty job, current exposure to fumes at work, family history, tuberculosis, diabetes, childhood hospitalisation, education, father’s education.
FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity.