N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Unadjusted association | 2725 | 1.28 (1.01 to 1.61) | 0.040 |
Adjusted for: | |||
Age, gender | 2725 | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.51) | 0.072 |
Age, gender, baseline atopy, BMI, BHR, maternal allergies (main model) | 2390 | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.61) | 0.018 |
Main model + paternal asthma | 2303 | 1.34 (1.08 to 1.67) | 0.007 |
Main model + random effect for study area | 2390 | 1.32 (1.06 to 1.65) | 0.013 |
Main model + education and work exposure | 2368 | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.61) | 0.018 |
Main model + FEV1 at baseline (% predicted) | 2390 | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.61) | 0.015 |
Main model + environmental tobacco smoke at baseline | 2390 | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.61) | 0.018 |
Main model + years lived at SAPALDIA 2 address | 2380 | 1.30 (1.03 to 1.63) | 0.025 |
Main model, non-movers only (same residence SAPALDIA 1 and 2) | 2022 | 1.53 (1.02 to 2.28) | 0.039 |
Main model, but loose definition of “new asthma”* | 2409 | 1.17 (0.96 to 1.42) | 0.114 |
BHR, bronchial hyperreactivity; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; HR, hazard ratio; PM10, particulate matter up to 10 μm in diameter; SAPALDIA, Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults.
Hazard ratios (HR) are given per 1 μg/m3 dTPM10 and presented for several models. The first two models include all 41 new cases of asthma; the others are based on 38 new cases due to some missing data in the covariates.
*Includes newly reported asthma at SAPALDIA 2 but age of onset reported as before SAPALDIA 1; age of onset was set to 0.1 years.