Table 2 Number of deaths (N) and death rates (per thousand patient years) from all causes and associated with respiratory events, 1988–2006, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease aged at least 40 years

	Vaccinated against pneumonia	December to March			April to November
		Vaccinated against influenza			Vaccinated against influenza
		No	Yes	Total	No	Yes	Total
Time at risk 1988–2006 (1000 patient years)	No	198	91	289	373	120	494
	Yes	9	91	100	16	123	139
	Total	207	182	389	390	243	633
Deaths
n	No	9328	4545	13873	12469	7133	19602
	Yes	1288	5128	6416	1218	8240	9458
	Total	10616	9673	20289	13687	15373	29060
Rate	No	47	50	48	33	59	40
	Yes	143	56	64	75	67	68
	Total	51	53	52	35	63	46
Deaths associated with a respiratory event
n	No	2001	944	2945	2167	1202	3369
	Yes	237	996	1233	199	1344	1543
	Total	2238	1940	4178	2366	2546	4912
Rate	No	10.1	10.3	10.2	5.8	10.0	6.8
	Yes	26.3	11.0	12.3	12.3	10.9	11.1
	Total	10.8	10.6	10.7	6.1	10.5	7.8
Deaths with a respiratory event recorded as cause of death
n	No	232	192	424	283	266	549
	Yes	96	567	663	89	754	843
	Total	328	759	1087	372	1020	1392
Rate	No	1.2	2.1	1.5	0.8	2.2	1.1
	Yes	10.7	6.2	6.6	5.5	6.1	6.1
	Total	1.6	4.2	2.8	1.0	4.2	2.2