| Detection in LAW | Detection in UAW | Detection in both compartments | |||||
| No | No | No | % of UAW | % of LAW | Kappa* | p Value† | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (total) | 65 | 29 | 28 | 96.6 | 43.1 | 0.48 | <0.001 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucoid) | 45 | 21 | 18 | 85.7 | 40.0 | 0.46 | <0.001 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid) | 31 | 11 | 4 | 36.4 | 12.9 | 0.11 | 0.095 |
| Pseudomonas alcaligenes/Comamonas testosteroni | 2 | 3 | 1 | 33.3 | 50.0 | 0.39 | 0.033 |
| Pseudomonadaceae ssp. | 3 | 4 | 1 | 25.0 | 33.3 | 0.27 | 0.065 |
| Staphylococcus aureus (without MRSA) | 60 | 52 | 38 | 73.1 | 63.3 | 0.54 | <0.001 |
| MRSA | 4 | 3 | 3 | 100.0 | 75.0 | 0.85 | <0.001 |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 18 | 11 | 6 | 54.5 | 33.3 | 0.37 | <0.001 |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 24 | 56 | 17 | 30.4 | 70.8 | 0.30 | <0.001 |
| Streptococci (α-haemolytic) | 64 | 27 | 19 | 70.4 | 29.7 | 0.26 | <0.001 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 6 | 7 | 4 | 57.1 | 66.7 | 0.60 | <0.001 |
| Streptococcus pyogenes (β-haemolytic A) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 0.49 | 0.022 |
| γ-Haemolytic streptococci | 20 | 9 | 5 | 55.6 | 25.0 | 0.30 | 0.001 |
| Enterococci | 12 | 8 | 1 | 12.5 | 8.3 | 0.05 | 1 |
| Micrococcus, Lactococcus, Stomatococcus, Sarcina | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1 |
| Corynebacteria | 2 | 13 | 1 | 7.7 | 50.0 | 0.12 | 0.138 |
| Neisseria ssp. | 26 | 11 | 5 | 45.5 | 19.2 | 0.20 | 0.01 |
| Moraxella | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 |
| Ralstonia pickettii | 4 | 2 | 2 | 100.0 | 50.0 | 0.66 | <0.001 |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 18 | 2 | 2 | 100.0 | 11.1 | 0.18 | 0.009 |
| Ochrobactrum anthropi | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 0.49 | 0.022 |
| Escherichia coli | 4 | 1 | 1 | 100.0 | 25.0 | 0.40 | 0.022 |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 |
| Klebsiella oxytoca, K terrigena, K planticola | 4 | 2 | 1 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 0.32 | 0.044 |
| Proteus mirabilis | 2 | 2 | 2 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 1.00 | <0.001 |
| Serratia marcescens, S proteamaculans | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 |
| Morganella, Providencia, Edwardsiella, Hafnia | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 |
| Haemophilus parainfluenzae | 12 | 3 | 1 | 33.3 | 8.3 | 0.11 | 0.186 |
| Candida spp. | 31 | 4 | 1 | 25.0 | 3.2 | 0.02 | 1 |
| Candida albicans | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | 26 | 1 | 1 | 100.0 | 3.8 | 0.06 | 0.143 |
| Penicillium | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 |
*A kappa value of 0 indicates only chance agreement, and a value of 1 indicates complete agreement.
†Local p values are given; after Bonferroni procedure only local p values <0.0015 are statistically significant for the global alpha of 0.05.
LAW, lower airways; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; UAW, upper airways.