Intubation not needed | Intubated | Not to be intubated(n = 181) | Overall(n = 832) | p Value§ | |||
COPD±(n = 179) | “Pure” asthma(n = 22) | COPD±(n = 394) | “Pure” asthma(n = 56) | ||||
Admitted directly to ICU* (%) | 60.3 | 77.3 | 99.5 | 100.0 | 56.9 | 81.3 | |
On admission | |||||||
Mean (SD) age (years) | 67.7 (9.2) | 59.1 (10.6) | 66.8 (8.9) | 57.9 (9.7) | 70.3 (9.4) | 67 (9.7) | |
Mean (SD) CAPS | 23.9 (9.9) | 22.4 (10.6) | 31 (10.8) | 26.4 (9.8) | 26.4 (10.2) | 27.9 (10.8) | |
Mean (SD) MAC | 27.7 (5) | 31.4 (5.2) | 28.9 (5.2) | 30.5 (5.3) | 27.4 (5.9) | 28.5 (5.4) | |
House/bedbound (%) | 34.6 | 13.6 | 31.2 | 12.5 | 67.4 | 38.1 | |
On long-term oxygen† (%) | 12.9 | 9.1 | 10.4 | 5.4 | 38.1 | 16.6 | |
Ventilation | |||||||
Non-invasive only (%) | 74.7 | 13.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 91.7 | 36.6 | <0.001 |
Median (IQR) length of stay (days) | |||||||
In ICU | 3 (1.5, 5) | 2 (1, 3) | 9 (4. 16) | 6.5 (3, 15) | 3 (1, 4) | 4 (2, 10) | <0.001 |
In hospital | 12 (7, 19) | 8.5 (6, 12) | 20 (10, 36) | 15 (8, 26) | 10 (5, 17) | 14 (8, 27) | <0.001 |
Survival‡ | |||||||
Surviving ICU/HDU (%) | 98.9 (96 to 99.9) | 100 (84.6 to 100) | 74.9 (70.3 to 79.1) | 89.3 (78.1 to 96.0) | 72.4 (65.3 to 78.7) | 81.1 (78.3 to 83.7) | <0.001 |
Surviving hospital (%) | 93.9 (89.3 to 96.9) | 95.5 (77.2 to 99.9) | 61.2 (56.2 to 66) | 85.7 (73.8 to 93.6) | 59.7 (52.1 to 66.9) | 70.4 (67.2 to 73.5) | <0.001 |
Surviving 180 days (%) | 81.6 (75.1 to 87) | 95.5 (77.2 to 99.9) | 54.6 (49.5 to 59.6) | 85.7 (73.8 to 93.6) | 48.1 (40.6 to 55.6) | 62.1 (58.7 to 65.4) | <0.001 |
CAPS, COPD acute physiology score; HDU, high dependency unit; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; MAC, mid-arm circumference.
*Not admitted to a respiratory support unit at any stage.
†Oxygen concentrator at home before admission.
‡With exact 95% confidence intervals.
§χ2 test for percentages (independence in contingency tables); Kruskal-Wallis test for lengths of stay.