Disorder | Examples | Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis | References |
Idiopathic | 45–84% | 11, 12 | |
Abnormal mucociliary clearance | PCD | Up to 100% | 13 |
CF | 14 | ||
Young’s syndrome | 15 | ||
Immunocompromise | HIV | Up to100% | 16 |
Common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia | |||
Postinfective | Tuberculosis | 50% | 11 |
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (eg, MAC) | |||
Whooping cough | |||
Measles | |||
Excessive immune response | ABPA | 40–90% | 17 |
GvHD | Depends on severity of bronchiectasis | ||
Inflammatory bowel disease | |||
Mechanical obstruction | Tumour | Infrequent | |
Foreign body | |||
Lymphadenopathy |
ABPA, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; CF, cystic fibrosis; GvHD, graft versus host disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MAC, mycobacterium avium complex; PCD, primary ciliary dyskinesia.