Table 4 Univariate/multivariate analyses of factors associated with time from earliest checklist symptom until consultation with medical practitioner

Categorical variables		N	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis*
Categorical variables		N	Geometric mean(95% transformed CI)	p Value	Regression coefficient antilog†(95% CI)	p Value
Earliest symptoms experienced
Cough	No	260	120.2 (96.1 to 150.4)	0.001	1.00
	Yes	70	44.7 (30.5 to 65.5)		0.54 (0.33 to 0.85)	0.010
Change in cough	No	312	100.0 (81.3 to 123.0)	0.118
	Yes	18	50.1 (25.1 to 100.1)
Shortness of breath	No	254	117.5 (93.7 to 147.4)	0.001	1.00	0.001
Shortness of breath	Yes	76	49.0 (33.6 to 71.5)		0.44 (0.28 to 0.69)
Coughing up phlegm	No	281	112.2 (90.5 to 139.2)	0.001
Coughing up phlegm	Yes	49	40.7 (25.3 to 65.6)
Coughing up phlegm with signs of blood	No	313	102.3 (83.7 to 125.2)	0.004	1.00
Coughing up phlegm with signs of blood	Yes	17	27.5 (11.3 to 66.8)		0.29 (0.12 to 0.66)	0.004
Loss of appetite	No	273	104.7 (83.9 to 130.6)	0.065	1.00
	Yes	57	64.6 (41.5 to 100.5)		0.48 (0.30 to 0.79)	0.004
Hoarse voice	No	292	91.2 (73.8 to 112.7)	0.118
	Yes	38	151.4 (82.4 to 277.9)
Swelling in face or neck	No	319	97.7 (80.0 to 119.3)	0.121
Swelling in face or neck	Yes	11	41.7 (10.5 to 164.8)

Co-morbidities
History of COPD	No	235	81.3 (65.2 to 101.4)	0.002	1.00
	Yes	81	166.0 (105.7 to 260.6)		1.86 (1.17 to 2.88)	0.008
History of chest infection	No	294	102.3 (83.3 to 125.6)	0.100	1.00
History of chest infection	Yes	22	52.5 (19.1 to 144.1)		0.35 (0.17 to 0.74)	0.006
History of osteoporosis	No	296	93.3 (75.5 to 115.4)	0.160
History of osteoporosis	Yes	20	169.8 (90.8 to 317.5)
History of lower GI disease	No	287	102.3 (83.4 to 125.6)	0.131
History of lower GI disease	Yes	29	58.9 (24.2 to 143.2)
History of upper GI disease	No	227	89.1 (69.9 to 113.6)	0.138
History of upper GI disease	Yes	89	123.0 (84.3 to 179.5)
History of renal failure	No	301	102.3 (83.5 to 125.3)	0.015	1.00
History of renal failure	Yes	15	30.9 (8.3 to 115.3)		0.38 (0.16 to 0.91)	0.032

Demographic/socioeconomic
Sex	Male	197	100.0 (77.1 to 129.8)	0.774	1.19 (0.13 to 1.78)	0.393
	Female	133	93.3 (68.5 to 127.1)		1.00
Area	North-east Scotland	177	102.3 (78.5 to 133.3)	0.520	1.00
	Glasgow	153	89.1 (65.8 to 120.6)		0.86 (0.52 to 1.41)	0.534
Distance between cancer centre and participant postcode address (quintiles)	1 (nearest)	66	83.2 (55.4 to 124.8)	0.923	1.04 (0.89 to 6.31)‡	0.626
	2	65	109.6 (70.9 to 169.7)
	3	65	95.5 (58.4 to 156.3)
	4	68	104.7 (64.7 to 169.5)
	5 (farthest)	66	91.2 (59.8 to 139.1)
Carstairs (deprived) score in quintiles	1 (least deprived)	58	87.1 (52.0 to 145.8)	0.887	0.99 (0.85 to 1.17)‡	0.885
	2	68	109.6 (71.2 to 169.0)
	3	51	109.6 (67.8 to 177.2)
	4	38	81.3 (46.3 to 142.8)
	5 (most deprived)	115	93.3 (66.4 to 131.2)
Employment status	Others	147	81.3 (61.0 to 108.3)	0.118
	Retired	183	112.2 (85.3 to 147.5)
Have you ever had paid work?	No	82	109.6 (86.6 to 138.8)	0.037	1.00
Have you ever had paid work?	Yes	247	67.6 (47.0 to 97.3)		0.65 (0.39 to 1.07)	0.096

Risk factors
Did you perceive yourself to be at any risk from lung cancer before your diagnosis?	Low risk/not at all	221	87.1 (68.7 to 110.4)	0.009
	Average risk	52	69.2 (42.5 to 112.7)
	Fairly/very high risk	57	186.2 (111.4 to 311.4)
Have you ever worked in a smoky environment?	No	129	79.4 (58.3 to 108.3)	0.124
Have you ever worked in a smoky environment?	Yes	198	109.6 (84.3 to 142.6)

Social factors
Do you live?	With others	239	81.3 (64.9 to 101.8)	0.004	1.00
	On my own	91	154.9 (103.1 to 232.6)		1.99 (1.29 to 3.09)	0.002

Continuous variables			Correlation coefficient	p Value	B (95% CI for B)	p Value
Pack years of smoking		330	0.199	0.001	1.10 (1.02 to 1.20)	0.008
Age	Per year	330	0.054	0.331	0.99 (0.98 to 1.02)	0.539

*Model included those categorical and continuous variables that were significant on univariate analyses at the p⩽0.20 level.
†The regression coefficient antilog can be interpreted as (1) for categorical factors: the number of times longer for particular groups to consult with a medical practitioner and (2) for continuous factors: the proportionate change in time to consult per unit increase.
‡Linear trend across categories.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI, gastrointestinal.