Characteristics of 524 HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia at San Francisco General Hospital, 1997–2006
| Characteristics | Number of cases (%)* (n = 524) |
| Sociodemographic | |
| Mean age, years | 41 (8) |
| Male gender | 456 (87) |
| Race | |
| White | 248 (47) |
| Black | 153 (29) |
| Other | 123 (23) |
| History of tobacco use (n = 504) | 347 (69) |
| History of injection drug use (n = 506)† | |
| Recent | 95 (19) |
| Past | 90 (18) |
| Never | 321 (63) |
| Homeless (n = 508) | 72 (14) |
| Medical history | |
| HIV risk factor‡ | |
| Men who have sex with men (n = 454) | 268 (59) |
| Injection drug use (n = 506) | 185 (37) |
| Heterosexual sex (n = 454) | 104 (23) |
| New diagnosis of HIV (n = 522) | 121 (23) |
| Medical co-morbidity§ (n = 524) | 293 (56) |
| History of any opportunistic infection (n = 506) | 265 (52) |
| History of PCP (n = 511) | 138 (27) |
| History of cutaneous, oral or pulmonary KS (n = 524) | 31 (6) |
| Pulmonary KS at admission (n = 172) | 10 (6) |
| CART prior to admission (n = 516) | 58 (11) |
| PCP prophylaxis (n = 515) | 75 (15) |
| Vital signs | |
| Mean temperature, °C (n = 492) | 38.5 (1.0) |
| Mean pulse, beats/min (n = 492) | 107 (18) |
| Mean systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (n = 491) | 107 (15) |
| Median respiratory rate, breaths/min (n = 492) | 22 (20–28) |
| Median room air oxygen saturation, % (n = 475) | 91 (87–95) |
| Laboratory values | |
| Median CD4 cell count, cells/μl (n = 515) | 29 (13–64) |
| Median HIV viral load, log copies/ml (n = 492) | 12.1 (11.2–12.8) |
| Median total lymphocyte count, 109/l (n = 504) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) |
| Mean haematocrit, % (n = 522) | 34.8 (5.4) |
| Mean sodium, mmol/l (n = 519) | 136 (4) |
| Median BUN, mg/dl (n = 512) | 13 (10–17) |
| Median creatinine, mg/dl (n = 519) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
| Median INR (n = 268) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
| Median total bilirubin, mg/dl (n = 470) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) |
| Mean albumin, g/dl (n = 464) | 3.1 (0.6) |
| Median A–a O2 gradient, mm Hg (n = 431) | 47 (33–61) |
| Median LDH, U/l (n = 477) | 358 (270–503) |
*Values are shown as number (%) unless otherwise stated; means are presented with the SD, medians with the IQR.
†Recent injection drug use is defined as drug use during the 6 months before admission; past injection drug use is defined as last drug use >6 months before admission.
‡Total n (%) exceeds 524 (100%) because of 92 patients with multiple HIV risk factors.
§Medical co-morbidity is defined as having a history of opportunistic infection, renal failure (creatinine >1.2 mg/dl) or hepatic insufficiency (INR⩾1.2).
A–a O2 gradient, alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CART, combination antiretroviral therapy; INR, international normalised ratio; KS, Kaposi sarcoma; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PCP, Pneumocystis pneumonia.