n (%) | |
Sociodemographic factors | |
Male | 199 (34) |
Institutionalised* | 104 (18) |
Minimum income | 93 (16) |
Primary school only | 380 (65) |
Smoking (current or previous) | 278 (48) |
No yearly influenza vaccine before 85 years old | 133 (24) |
Functioning | |
Severe cognitive impairment (MMSE <19) | 96 (16) |
Depressive symptoms (GDS-15 >4) | 75 (15) |
Disability in daily living† | 201 (34) |
Comorbidities and medication use | |
Diabetes mellitus | 85 (15) |
Hypertension | 226 (39) |
Myocardial infarction | 62 (11) |
Stroke | 59 (10) |
Heart failure | 74 (13) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 69 (12) |
Cancer | 104 (18) |
Anaemia‡ | 149 (27) |
Oral glucocorticosteroid use | 11 (2) |
Creatinine clearance <30 ml/min | 41 (8) |
Urea >7.5 mmol/l | 233 (42) |
CRP >5 mg/l | 188 (34) |
*Institutionalised refers to nursing or retirement home resident.
†Disability in daily living = unable to do any one of nine basic activities of daily living independently, according to the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale
‡Hbfemale <7.5 mmol/l, Hbmale <8.1 mmol/l.
CRP, C reactive protein; GDS-15, Geriatric depression scale with 15 items (only administered to participants with MMSE score ⩾19 (n = 491)); MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.