Results of the LCADL, EQ-5D and SGRQ questionnaires in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to previous diagnosis, stage 0 COPD and control subjects
| Mean (95% CI) | Control (n = 378) | Stage 0 (n = 172) | Diagnosed COPD (n = 100) | Undiagnosed COPD (n = 235) | All COPD (n = 335) |
| LCADL | |||||
| Total | 15.7 (15.3 to 16.0) | 15.8 (15.2 to 16.5) | 19.1(17.4 to 20.8)*** | 15.6 (15.0 to 16.2) | 16.6 (16.0 to 17.3)* |
| Self-care | 4.2 (4.1 to 4.2) | 4.2 (4.1 to 4.3) | 5.3 (4.9 to 5.7)*** | 4.4 (4.3 to 4.6)* | 4.7 (4.5 to 4.8)*** |
| Domestic | 5.9 (5.7 to 6.1) | 5.8 (5.4 to 6.2) | 6.2 (5.1 to 7.3)* | 5.2 (4.8 to 5.6)* | 5.5 (5.1 to 5.9) |
| Physical | 2.5 (2.4 to 2.6) | 2.7 (2.6 to 2.9) | 3.9 (3.6 to 4.2)*** | 2.8 (2.7 to 2.9)* | 3.1 (3.0 to 3.3)*** |
| Leisure | 3.1 (3.0 to 3.1) | 3.1 (3.0 to 3.2) | 3.7 (3.4 to 3.9)*** | 3.1 (3.1 to 3.2) | 3.3 (3.2 to 3.4)*** |
| EQ-5D | |||||
| VAS score | 77.2 (75.6 to 78.8) | 72.0 (69.5 to 74.5)*** | 64.0 (55.8 to 72.1)*** | 73.9 (71.8 to 75.9)* | 70.9 (69.1 to 72.7)*** |
| Utility score | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.95) | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.95) | 0.77 (0.66 to 0.88)*** | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96) | 0.86 (0.81 to 0.91)* |
| SGRQ | |||||
| Total | 8.8 (7.6 to 10.0) | 17.0 (15.0 to 19.0)*** | 34.3 (24.8 to 43.8)*** | 15.6 (13.8 to 17.4)*** | 21.2 (19.2 to 23.2)*** |
| Symptoms | 11.1 (9.7 to 12.5) | 31.7 (29.2 to 34.2)** | 41.8 (31.5 to 52.1)*** | 20.3 (17.9 to 22.7)*** | 26.7 (24.3 to 29.1)*** |
| Activity | 12.6 (10.7 to 14.5) | 20.1 (17.2 to 23.0)** | 46.6 (34.4 to 58.8)*** | 22.6 (19.8 to 25.4)*** | 29.7 (27.0 to 32.4)*** |
| Impact | 5.6 (4.6 to 6.6) | 9.9 (8.1 to 11.7)*** | 24.6 (15.0 to 34.2)*** | 9.6 (8.0 to 11.2)*** | 14.1 (12.3 to 15.9)*** |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 in the comparisons vs control, except the group of those diagnosed with COPD that was compared with those with undiagnosed COPD.
EQ-5D, EuroQol 5 Dimensions questionnaire; LCADL, London Chest Activities of Daily Living; SGRQ, Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; VAS, visual analogue scale.