Table 3

Clinical variables and outcome from NIV: univariate analysis

	NIV success (n = 72)	NIV failure (n = 16)	OR (95% CI)	p Value
Age, n = 88*	68 (10)	77 (9)	0.9 (0.84 to 0.97)	0.006
Gender, n = 88†	M = 34	M = 5	1.97 (0.62 to 1.97)	0.25 (NS)
	F = 38	F = 11
Smoking status, n = 88†	Ex = 37	Ex = 10	0.57 (0.19 to 1.72)	0.32 (NS)
	Current = 35	Current = 6
FEV₁ (litres), n = 82*	0.69 (0.30)	0.60 (0.17)	4.53 (0.19 to 106.4)	0.35 (NS)
FVC (litres), n = 82*	1.67 (0.55)	1.35 (0.48)	3.64 (0.73 to 18.07)	0.11 (NS)
Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, n = 16†	12	4	0.6 (0.17 to 2.18)	0.44 (NS)
Glucose ⩾7 mmol/l, n = 88†	Glucose ⩾7 mmol/l = 29	Glucose ⩾7 mmol/l = 15	0.05 (0.006 to 0.36)	0.003
	Glucose <7 mmol/l = 43	Glucose <7 mmol/l = 1
Time from admission to NIV administration (h), n = 88*	4.68 (4.76)	3.59 (3.85)	1.07 (0.92 to 1.24)	0.40 (NS)
IPAP (cm H₂O), n = 88*	15.07 (2.17)	15.00 (3.29)	1.01 (0.80 to 1.28)	0.34 (NS)
EPAP (cm H₂O), n = 88*	5.24 (1.38)	5.63 (1.78)	0.84 (0.58 to 1.2)	0.16 (NS)
APACHE II, n = 88*	14.63 (3.80)	19.19 (4.31)	0.76 (0.65 to 0.89)	0.001
Oral corticosteroid administered prior to admission, n = 16†	14 (19%)	2 (13%)	1.69 (0.34 to 8.31)	0.52 (NS)
Charlson comorbidity index, n = 88*	1.62 (0.73)	1.88 (0.93)	0.78 (0.35 to 1.25)	0.20 (NS)
GCS, n = 88*	14 (1)	13 (3)	1.21 (0.93 to 1.45)	0.18 (NS)
Pneumonia cases, n = 11†	7	4	0.32 (0.08 to 1.28)	0.12 (NS)
Baseline RR (breaths/min), n = 88*	26 (6)	34 (10)	0.86 (0.79 to 0.94)	0.001

Values are given as mean (SD).
*t test. †χ² test.
APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; EPAP, expiratory positive airway pressure; F, female; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; IPAP, inspiratory positive airway pressure; M, male; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; NS, non-significant; RR, respiratory rate;