| Entire sample (n = 306) | AHI ⩽1 (n = 127) | 1< AHI ⩽5 (n = 133) | AHI >5 (n = 46) | p Value (trend) | |
| During wakefulness | |||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg)†‡ | 112.5 (8.4) | 110.8 (8.3) | 112.6 (8.0) | 116.7 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg)†‡ | 71.6 (5.1) | 70.8 (5.0) | 71.6 (4.9) | 74.1 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg)†‡ | 85.1 (5.4) | 84.1 (5.2) | 85.0 (5.2) | 88.0 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP z score†‡ | −0.09 (1.06) | −0.28 (1.05) | −0.10 (1.00) | 0.47 (1.06) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP z score†‡ | −0.06 (0.84) | −0.20 (0.82) | −0.07 (0.82) | 0.34 (0.84) | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure z score†‡ | 0.07 (0.81) | −0.06 (0.76) | 0.05 (0.77) | 0.53 (0.90) | <0.001 |
| Elevated systolic BP (n (%))†‡§ | 30 (9.8) | 9 (7.1) | 10 (7.5) | 11 (23.9) | 0.007 |
| Systolic hypertension (n (%))§ | 17 (5.6) | 5 (3.9) | 7 (5.3) | 5 (10.9) | 0.11 |
| Elevated diastolic BP (n (%))§ | 20 (6.5) | 6 (4.7) | 10 (7.5) | 4 (8.7) | 0.28 |
| Diastolic hypertension (n (%))§ | 11 (3.6) | 2 (1.6) | 6 (4.5) | 3 (6.5) | 0.09 |
| During sleep | |||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg)*† | 101.2 (9.0) | 99.1 (9.1) | 101.7 (8.0) | 105.1 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg)† | 59.3 (5.7) | 58.3 (6.0) | 59.5 (4.9) | 61.1 (6.4) | 0.003 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg)*† | 74.5 (5.7) | 73.2 (6.0) | 75.0 (4.9) | 76.7 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP z score† | 0.38 (1.05) | 0.15 (1.09) | 0.44 (0.92) | 0.84 (1.10) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP z score† | 0.66 (0.93) | 0.51 (0.98) | 0.71 (0.82) | 0.93 (1.04) | 0.006 |
| Mean arterial pressure z score*† | 0.78 (0.82) | 0.59 (0.87) | 0.85 (0.69) | 1.08 (0.91) | <0.001 |
| Elevated systolic BP (n (%))†§ | 54 (17.6) | 18 (14.2) | 22 (16.5) | 14 (30.4) | 0.03 |
| Systolic hypertension (n (%))†‡§ | 37 (12.1) | 13 (10.2) | 11 (8.3) | 13 (28.3) | 0.02 |
| Elevated diastolic BP (n (%))§ | 69 (22.5) | 27 (21.3) | 27 (20.3) | 15 (32.6) | 0.22 |
| Diastolic hypertension (n (%))†‡§ | 48 (15.7) | 15 (11.8) | 18 (13.5) | 15 (32.6) | 0.005 |
| Nocturnal dipping | |||||
| Systolic BP dipping (%) | 10.0 (5.6) | 10.5 (5.4) | 9.6 (5.7) | 9.9 (5.8) | 0.34 |
| Diastolic BP dipping (%) | 17.2 (6.7) | 17.5 (6.9) | 16.7 (6.4) | 17.5 (7.1) | 0.68 |
| Mean arterial pressure dipping (%) | 12.3 (5.4) | 13.0 (5.2) | 11.6 (5.5) | 12.8 (5.2) | 0.40 |
| Systolic BP non-dipper (n (%)) | 146 (47.7) | 59 (46.5) | 66 (49.6) | 21 (45.7) | 0.92 |
| Diastolic BP non-dipper (n (%)) | 41 (13.4) | 14 (11.0) | 19 (14.3) | 8 (17.4) | 0.25 |
| Mean arterial pressure non-dipper (n (%)) | 97 (31.7) | 36 (28.3) | 49 (36.8) | 12 (26.1) | 0.77 |
Mean (SD) and number (%) are presented for parametric and categorical data, respectively.
*Post-hoc test, p<0.05, normal group vs mild OSA group.
†Post-hoc test, p<0.05, normal group vs moderate to severe OSA group.
‡Post-hoc test, p<0.05, mild OSA group vs moderate to severe OSA group.
§p<0.016 was considered to be significant in multiple pairwise comparison.
AHI, apnoea–hypopnoea index; BP, blood pressure; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea.