| Microorganism | Treatment | ||
| Antibiotic (cases) | Pathogen sensitivity to antibiotic | Cause of treatment failure | |
| S pneumoniae | Cef+MCL (8) | 8 Sensitive | Shock (6) (1MV) |
| Persistence of fever (2): 1 with pleural effusion | |||
| S pneumoniae | Cef+Levofl (5) | 5 Sensitive | Shock and/or MV (2) |
| Radiographic progression (2) | |||
| Empyema (1) | |||
| S pyogenes | Cef+ MCL(1) | 1 Sensitive | Shock (1) |
| Legionella | Beta lactam+MCL (2) | 5 Sensitive | Impairment respiratory failure (2) |
| Beta lactam+ Levofl (3) | 5 Sensitive | Shock (3) (2MV) | |
| S aureus | Cef+MCL (2) | 4 Sensitive | MV and/or shock (3) |
| Levofl (1) | Nosocomial infection (1) | ||
| Piper+cefepime (1) | |||
| MR S aureus | Cef+MCL (1) | 1 Resistant | MV and/or shock (1) |
| Pseudomonas | Cef+MCL/Levofl (2) | 2 Resistant | MV and shock (2) |
| Cefepime+MCL (1) | 1 Sensitive | Nosocomial infection (1) | |
| Levofl (1) | 1 Resistant | Persistence of fever (1) | |
| Pseudomonas+MRSA | Cefepime+ciprofl (1) | MRSA resistant | MV and shock (1) |
| H influenza | Cef+Levofl (2) | 3 Sensitive | MV (2) |
| Cef+MCL (1) | Persistence of fever and pleural effusion (1) | ||
| E coli | Beta lactam+MCL (4) | 1 Resistant | Impairment of respiratory failure (2) |
| 3 Sensitive | Shock (2) (1MV) | ||
| Impairment of respiratory failure (2),shock (2) (1MV) | |||
| E coli+ S aureus | Cef+MCL (1) | 1 Sensitive | MV and shock (1) |
| Enterococcus | Levofl (1) | 2 Resistant | Persistence of fever (2) |
| Beta lactam+MCL (1) | |||
| Anaerobios | Cef+MCL (1) | 1 Resistant | Persistence of fever and pleural effusion (1) |
| Nocardia | Cef+Levofl | 1 Resistant | Shock (1) |
| Fungi | Cef+MCL (1) | 1 Resistant | Persistence of fever (1) |
| Tuberculosis | Cef+MCL (1) | 2 Resistant | Persistence of fever (2) |
| Levofl (1) | |||
| Acinetobacter | Cef+MCL | 1 Resistant | MV and shock (1) |
| Morganella | Imipenem | 1 Sensitive | MV and shock (1) |
Beta lactam, Coamoxiclav or cephalosporin 3rd or 4th generation; Cef, 3rd generation cephalosporin; Ciprofl, ciprofloxacin; Levofl, levofloxacin; MCL, macrolide (clarithromycin or azithromycin); MRSA, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MV, mechanical ventilation; Piper, piperacillin-tazobactam.