| Deaths (n) | Bronchitis (HR (95% CI)) | Pneumonia (HR (95% CI)) | Asthma (HR (95% CI)) | Any respiratory disease (HR (95% CI)) | |
| All causes | 1553 | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.31) | 0.91 (0.69, 1.20) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.24) |
| Model 2† | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) | 1.11 (0.93, 1.31) | 0.91 (0.69, 1.21) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.23) | |
| Model 3‡ | 1.05 (0.87, 1.26) | 1.11 (0.93, 1.31) | 0.89 (0.67, 1.19) | ||
| Respiratory | 89 | 1.31 (0.66, 2.62) | 2.27 (1.32, 3.90) | 1.99 (0.87, 4.56) | 1.66 (1.03, 2.67) |
| Model 2† | 1.25 (0.63, 2.49) | 2.19 (1.27, 3.77) | 1.87 (0.81, 4.28) | 1.57 (0.98, 2.54) | |
| Model 3‡ | 1.07 (0.53, 2.18) | 2.11 (1.22, 3.66) | 1.65 (0.71, 3.87) | ||
| COPD | 30 | 1.76 (0.61, 5.05) | 2.54 (1.04, 6.22) | 3.16 (0.95, 10.46) | 2.66 (1.31, 5.41) |
| Model 2† | 1.59 (0.55, 4.57) | 2.33 (0.95, 5.72) | 2.81 (0.84, 9.37) | 2.37 (1.16, 4.83) | |
| Model 3‡ | 1.11 (0.37, 3.36) | 2.06 (0.83, 5.16) | 2.56 (0.74, 8.80) | ||
| CVD | 600 | 1.36 (1.05, 1.77) | 0.95 (0.71, 1.26) | 0.87 (0.55, 1.38) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) |
| Model 2§ | 1.37 (1.05, 1.78) | 0.97 (0.73, 1.30) | 0.89 (0.56, 1.41) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.41) | |
| Model 3¶ | 1.38 (1.06, 1.80) | 0.95 (0.71, 1.27) | 0.84 (0.53, 1.33) | ||
| CHD | 399 | 1.25 (0.89, 1.74) | 1.07 (0.76, 1.50) | 0.95 (0.56, 1.63) | 1.16 (0.90, 1.48) |
| Model 2§ | 1.25 (0.90, 1.75) | 1.10 (0.78, 1.54) | 0.98 (0.58, 1.67) | 1.17 (0.91, 1.49) | |
| Model 3¶ | 1.24 (0.88, 1.74) | 1.08 (0.77, 1.52) | 0.94 (0.55, 1.61) | ||
| Stroke | 110 | 1.70 (0.97, 2.98) | 0.59 (0.26, 1.35) | 1.05 (0.39, 2.85) | 1.12 (0.70, 1.81) |
| Model 2† | 1.68 (0.96, 2.95) | 0.59 (0.26, 1.35) | 1.04 (0.38, 2.82) | 1.11 (0.69, 1.79) | |
| Model 3‡ | 1.77 (1.00, 3.13) | 0.56 (0.24, 1.27) | 0.96 (0.35, 2.65) | ||
| All cancer | 550 | 0.76 (0.54, 1.08) | 1.11 (0.83, 1.47) | 0.64 (0.37, 1.11) | 0.98 (0.79, 1.23) |
| Model 2† | 0.75 (0.53, 1.07) | 1.09 (0.82, 1.46) | 0.64 (0.37, 1.11) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.21) | |
| Model 3‡ | 0.77 (0.54, 1.09) | 1.13 (0.85, 1.51) | 0.66 (0.38, 1.16) |
Glasgow University cohort 1948–1968
*All models adjusted for year of survey.
†Adjusted for height, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and smoking status.
‡Adjusted for all early life respiratory diseases, height, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and smoking status.
§Adjusted for height, body mass index and systolic blood pressure; stratified for smoking status.
¶Adjusted for all early life respiratory diseases, height, body mass index and systolic blood pressure; stratified for smoking status.
CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.