| Children* (% change (95% CI)) | Adults† (% Change (95% CI)) | Elderly‡ (% Change (95% CI)) | |
| Aitken mode (0.03–0.1 μm) | |||
| Lag 0 | −0.47 (−3.64 to 2.80) | 2.49§ (0.06 to 4.98) | 2.38 (−1.02 to 5.90) |
| Lag 1 | 2.03 (−1.18 to 5.34) | 0.14 (−2.38 to 2.73) | 1.17 (−1.06 to 3.44) |
| Lag 2 | 1.86 (−1.24 to 5.05) | −1.41 (−3.91 to 1.16) | 1.97 (−0.23 to 4.21) |
| Lag 3 | 4.54§ (1.54 to 7.64) | 1.61 (−0.79 to 4.07) | 0.89 (−1.31 to 3.14) |
| Lag 4 | 6.03§ (3.10 to 9.05) | 0.31 (−2.06 to 2.73) | 0.22 (−1.98 to 2.48) |
| Lag 5 | 5.15§ (2.25 to 8.14) | 1.84 (−0.46 to 4.20) | 1.19 (−0.99 to 3.43) |
| Accumulation mode (0.1–0.29 μm) | |||
| Lag 0 | −0.44 (−4.22 to 3.49) | 3.55§ (0.61 to 6.58) | 4.49§ (1.70 to 7.36) |
| Lag 1 | 0.28 (−3.24 to 3.93) | 2.71 (−0.15 to 5.64) | 2.90§ (0.18 to 5.69) |
| Lag 2 | 2.76 (−0.77 to 6.41) | 0.22 (−2.61 to 3.14) | 1.28 (−1.42 to 4.05) |
| Lag 3 | 3.96§ (0.39 to 7.65) | 0.96 (−1.91 to 3.90) | −0.31 (−3.04 to 2.49) |
| Lag 4 | 3.37 (−0.06 to 6.93) | −1.38 (−4.24 to 1.57) | 1.31 (−1.40 to 4.10) |
| Lag 5 | 2.53 (−0.79 to 5.96) | −1.09 (−3.91 to 1.82) | 0.54 (−2.16 to 3.31) |
| PM2.5 | |||
| Lag 0 | 0.40 (−2.60 to 3.49) | 1.32 (−1.06 to 3.76) | 3.09§ (0.95 to 5.27) |
| Lag 1 | −0.06 (−2.94 to 2.89) | 1.46 (−0.80 to 3.77) | 2.26§ (0.16 to 4.41) |
| Lag 2 | 0.41 (−2.41 to 3.32) | −0.90 (−3.23 to 1.49) | 1.91 (−0.19 to 4.05) |
| Lag 3 | 2.52 (−0.28 to 5.41) | 0.67 (−1.68 to 3.07) | −0.24 (−2.37 to 1.94) |
| Lag 4 | 2.56 (−0.17 to 5.36) | −1.55 (−3.88 to 0.83) | 0.49 (−1.64 to 2.65) |
| Lag 5 | 1.18 (−1.48 to 3.92) | −1.79 (−4.04 to 0.53) | 1.03 (−1.05 to 3.16) |
| Coarse particles | |||
| Lag 0 | −0.81 (−3.96 to 2.44) | 2.70§ (0.21 to 5.26) | 2.45§ (0.18 to 4.76) |
| Lag 1 | −1.46 (−4.59 to 1.78) | 1.47 (−0.79 to 3.78) | 0.65 (−1.64 to 2.99) |
| Lag 2 | −0.38 (−3.49 to 2.82) | 1.56 (−0.72 to 3.90) | 0.40 (−1.90 to 2.76) |
| Lag 3 | −3.31 (−6.34 to −0.19) | 0.67 (−1.74 to 3.14) | 0.23 (−2.00 to 2.51) |
| Lag 4 | 1.21 (−1.67 to 4.17) | 0.54 (−1.85 to 2.98) | 0.59 (−1.57 to 2.80) |
| Lag 5 | 2.55 (−0.24 to 5.41) | 0.91 (−1.51 to 3.40) | 2.62§ (0.50 to 4.78) |
| CO | |||
| Lag 0 | −1.85 (−4.93 to 1.34) | −0.81 (−3.47 to 1.92) | 3.68§ (1.20 to 6.22) |
| Lag 1 | 0.80 (−2.27 to 3.96) | −2.12 (−4.76 to 0.60) | 1.51 (−0.91 to 4.00) |
| Lag 2 | 0.58 (−2.44 to 3.70) | −1.98 (−4.56 to 0.66) | 2.45§ (0.07 to 4.88) |
| Lag 3 | 0.74 (−2.26 to 3.84) | 0.81 (−1.73 to 3.43) | 0.57 (−1.85 to 3.04) |
| Lag 4 | 2.54 (−0.40 to 5.57) | −0.62 (−3.16 to 1.98) | −0.42 (−2.84 to 2.06) |
| Lag 5 | 4.30§ (1.38 to 7.31) | 0.89 (−1.60 to 3.44) | 0.90 (−1.48 to 3.34) |
| NO2 | |||
| Lag 0 | −0.09 (−4.56 to 4.58) | 2.69 (−1.05 to 6.57) | 4.82§ (1.26 to 8.50) |
| Lag 1 | 1.92 (−2.55 to 6.59) | −0.44 (−4.12 to 3.38) | 2.32 (−1.12 to 5.88) |
| Lag 2 | 3.61 (−0.78 to 8.19) | −1.14 (−4.76 to 2.63) | 2.97 (−0.43 to 6.50) |
| Lag 3 | 4.53§ (0.19 to 9.05) | 2.81 (−0.81 to 6.55) | −0.09 (−3.40 to 3.34) |
| Lag 4 | 10.9§ (6.38 to 15.5) | 0.59 (−1.94 to 5.24) | −0.88 (−4.15 to 2.51) |
| Lag 5 | 9.36§ (4.95 to 14.0) | 3.70§ (0.15 to 7.37) | 1.44 (−1.87 to 4.87) |
*Model adjusted for time trend, weekday, holiday, influenza and pollen epidemics, temperature (lag 0 and 1–3 day mean), relative humidity (lag 0 and 1–3 day mean) and barometric pressure.
†Model adjusted for time trend, weekday, holiday, influenza and pollen epidemics, temperature (lag 0 and 1–3 day mean), relative humidity (lag 0) and barometric pressure.
‡Model adjusted for time trend, weekday, influenza and pollen epidemics, temperature (lag 0), relative humidity (lag 0 and 1–3 day mean) and barometric pressure.
§p<0.05.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.