Table E3 A comparison of the numbers needed in a cross-over study design when one day’s data, the mean of three days’ data or the mean of five days’ data are used for calculations

		IL-1ß	TNF α	CXCL8	MPO	LTB4	GRO α	Absolute macrophage counts	Absolute neutrophil counts
1 days data	Mean number of patients	10	330	61	62	41	20	52	72
	SEM	0.76	74.72	7.14	15.90	4.79	4.95	11.2	11.11
3 days data	Mean number of patients	2	23	7	16	7	5	12	23
	SEM	0.73	9.08	1.93	4.01	2.13	1.94	1.7	6.69
5 days data	Mean number of patients	2	17	5	13	7	5	6	20
	SEM	0.07	3.12	0.30	1.49	0.45	1.34	0.6	2.25

Numbers required to provide an 80% chance of detecting a 50% decrease in mediators or cells at the 5% level of significance. For 1 day’s data, power calculations were performed for each mediator on each visit, and the mean of this is presented (with the standard error of the mean (SEM). For three days’ data; power calculations were performed on the first three days (visit 1 to 3), then the next three days (visit 2 to 4) until visit 9–11. These were used to calculate the mean number of patients required. For five days’ data; power calculations were performed on the first five days (visit 1 to 5), then the second five days (visit 2 to 6) until visit 7 to 11. These were used to calculate the mean number of patients required.