Associations between antibiotic prescriptions by age 5 and outcomes at age 8: cohort children
| Total no of prescriptions | Atopy at age 8 (n = 490) | Current wheeze at age 8 (n = 523) | Seasonal rhinitis at age 8 (n = 523) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR* (95% CI) | p Value | OR* (95% CI) | p Value | OR* (95% CI) | p Value | ||
| *Adjusted for maternal atopy, paternal atopy, birth order and current exposure to cigarette smoke. | |||||||
| Total antibiotics age 0–5 | 6150 | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 0.86 | 1.07 (1.03 to 1.10) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) | <0.001 |
| Total antibiotics age 0–1 | 1631 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.05) | 0.37 | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.19) | 0.13 | 1.08 (1.00 to 1.17) | 0.06 |
| Total antibiotics age 1–2 | 1596 | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.09) | 0.90 | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.27) | 0.001 | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.19) | 0.02 |
| Total antibiotics age 2–3 | 1248 | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.13) | 0.64 | 1.15 (1.04 to 1.28) | 0.01 | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.22) | 0.02 |
| Total antibiotics age 3–4 | 962 | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.19) | 0.36 | 1.27 (1.12 to 1.44) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.13 to 1.40) | <0.001 |
| Total antibiotics age 4–5 | 776 | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.18) | 0.52 | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.30) | 0.07 | 1.18 (1.06 to 1.33) | 0.004 |
| Respiratory infections | |||||||
| Total antibiotics age 0–5 | 2249 | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 0.81 | 1.15 (1.08 to 1.22) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.18) | <0.001 |
| Total antibiotics age 0–1 | 731 | 0.91 (0.77 to 1.08) | 0.29 | 1.18 (0.96 to 1.32) | 0.16 | 1.15 (1.00 to 1.32) | 0.06 |
| Total antibiotics age 1–2 | 608 | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.12) | 0.45 | 1.21 (1.03 to 1.42) | 0.02 | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.36) | 0.01 |
| Total antibiotics age 2–3 | 431 | 1.07 (0.88 to 1.31) | 0.49 | 1.43 (1.18 to 1.74) | 0.001 | 1.25 (1.05 to 1.49) | 0.02 |
| Total antibiotics age 3–4 | 315 | 1.23 (1.00 to 1.52) | 0.06 | 1.85 (1.48 to 2.32) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.27 to 1.92) | <0.001 |
| Total antibiotics age 4–5 | 191 | 1.14 (0.87 to 1.48) | 0.35 | 1.76 (1.32 to 2.36) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.18 to 2.01) | 0.001 |
| Non-respiratory infections | |||||||
| Total antibiotics age 0–5 | 3901 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 0.94 | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.10) | 0.05 | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.10) | 0.01 |
| Total antibiotics age 0–1 | 900 | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) | 0.67 | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.25) | 0.30 | 1.07 (0.95 to 1.21) | 0.26 |
| Total antibiotics age 1–2 | 988 | 1.02 (0.91 to 1.15) | 0.71 | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.33) | 0.01 | 1.08 (0.97 to 1.20) | 0.16 |
| Total antibiotics age 2–3 | 817 | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.15) | 0.87 | 1.08 (0.93 to 1.24) | 0.34 | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.22) | 0.15 |
| Total antibiotics age 3–4 | 647 | 0.99 (0.84 to 1.16) | 0.89 | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.30) | 0.36 | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.40) | 0.01 |
| Total antibiotics age 4–5 | 585 | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.19) | 0.78 | 0.99 (0.82 to 1.18) | 0.88 | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.30) | 0.09 |