| Characteristic* | Unadjusted analysis | Adjusted‡ analysis | ||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age per 10-year increase | 1.19 (0.80 to 1.79) | 0.39 | – | – |
| Male vs female sex | 1.36 (0.62 to 3.00) | 0.44 | – | – |
| Caucasian vs non-Caucasian ethnicity | 1.21 (0.63 to 2.34) | 0.57 | – | – |
| MSM vs other HIV risk factor | 2.22 (1.08 to 4.58) | 0.031 | – | – |
| CART use vs non-use | 0.67 (0.33 to 1.33) | 0.25 | 0.89 (0.34 to 2.35) | 0.82 |
| PCP prophylaxis use vs non-use | 1.68 (0.84 to 3.36) | 0.14 | – | – |
| Previous PCP vs no previous PCP | 1.60 (0.70 to 3.62) | 0.26 | – | – |
| Extrapulmonary vs pulmonary cause of ALI | 2.19 (0.89 to 5.35) | 0.086 | – | – |
| PCP vs non-PCP cause of ALI | 1.46 (0.73 to 2.92) | 0.29 | 3.19 (1.15 to 8.89) | 0.029 |
| Pneumothorax vs absence of pneumothorax | 1.27 (0.53 to 3.02) | 0.59 | – | – |
| CD4+ T cell count (per 100 cells/μl decrease) | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.38) | 0.16 | – | – |
| HIV RNA (per 1 log10 copies/ml increase) | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.37) | 0.82 | – | – |
| Albumin (per 1 g/dl decrease) | 2.48 (1.41 to 4.37) | 0.002 | 2.51 (1.23 to 5.13) | 0.012 |
| LDH (per 100 IU increase) | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.12) | 0.65 | – | – |
| pH† <7.25 vs ⩾7.25 | 3.10 (1.44 to 6.64) | 0.004 | – | – |
| Paco2† <30 or >50 mm Hg vs 30–50 mm Hg | 3.05 (1.21 to 7.71) | 0.018 | – | – |
| Pao2† (per 10 mm Hg decrease) | 1.23 (1.05 to 1.43) | 0.010 | – | – |
| APACHE-II score (per 5 point increase) | 1.50 (1.12 to 2.00) | 0.007 | – | – |
| SAPS-II score (per 20 point increase) | 1.92 (1.18 to 3.12) | 0.008 | 2.41 (1.24 to 4.70) | 0.010 |
| LIS ⩾2.75 vs <2.75 | 1.93 (0.99 to 3.79) | 0.054 | – | – |
| Pressure-regulated vs volume-regulated ventilation | 0.82 (0.40 to 1.66) | 0.58 | – | – |
| Vt† (per 1 ml/kg decrease) | 0.87 (0.74 to 1.03) | 0.11 | 0.76 (0.58 to 0.99) | 0.043 |
| RR† (per 5 breath/min increase) | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.34) | 0.86 | – | – |
| VE†>12 l/min vs ⩽12 l/min | 1.53 (0.80 to 2.95) | 0.20 | – | – |
| PIP† (per 5 cm H2O increase) | 1.40 (1.11 to 1.77) | 0.005 | – | – |
| Pplat† (per 5 cm H2O increase) | 2.05 (1.44 to 2.93) | <0.001 | 2.13 (1.36 to 3.33) | 0.001 |
| Paw† (per 5 cm H2O increase) | 1.50 (1.03 to 2.20) | 0.037 | – | – |
| PEEP† (per 5 cm H2O increase) | 1.91 (0.97 to 3.77) | 0.061 | – | – |
| Crs† (per 20 ml/cm H2O decrease) | 0.94 (0.53 to 1.68) | 0.84 | – | – |
| Pao2/Fio2† (per 50 mm Hg decrease) | 2.07 (1.47 to 2.92) | <0.001 | 1.37 (0.88 to 2.12) | 0.17 |
| Worst Pao2/Fio2† (per 50 mm Hg decrease) | 2.48 (1.68 to 3.68) | <0.001 | – | – |
| O2 index† (per 5 mm Hg/cm H2O increase) | 1.95 (1.40 to 2.73) | <0.001 | – | – |
| Post-ARDSNet vs pre-ARDSNet protocol period | 0.80 (0.42 to 1.54) | 0.51 | 2.17 (0.73 to 6.47) | 0.16 |
*Up to 35 observations may be missing (as for HIV RNA), but odds ratios are calculated using only actual observations.
†Physiological variables averaged over days 1–3.
‡Adjusted for all characteristics with odds ratios listed in the adjusted analysis column of the table. The adjusted model included 130 subjects.
ALI, acute lung injury; APACHE-II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ARDSNet, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network study; CART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; Crs, respiratory system compliance; Fio2, fractional inspired oxygen concentration; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LIS, Lung Injury Score; MSM, men having sex with men; O2, oxygenation; Paco2, arterial carbon dioxide tension; Pao2, arterial oxygen tension; PCP, Pneumocystis pneumonia; PIP, peak inspiratory pressure; Pplat, end-inspiratory plateau pressure; Paw, mean airway pressure; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; RR, respiratory rate; SAPS-II, Severe Acute Physiology Score II; Ve, minute ventilation; Vt, tidal volume.