| Diagnosis | n (%) | New diagnosis of HIV infection(n) | Receiving HAART(n) | ICU survival N (%) | Hospital survival N (%) |
| LRTI | 54 (48) | 24 | 13 | 40 (74) | 28 (52) |
| PCP*† | 26 | 18 | 2 | 18 (69) | 15 (58) |
| Bacterial pneumoniaठ| 17 | 3 | 7 | 11 (65) | 9 (53) |
| Tuberculosis¶ | 7 | 3 | 0 | 7 (100) | 6 (86) |
| Asthma/COPD | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 (100) | 3 (100) |
| CMV pneumonitis | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Neurological problems | 16 (14) | 5 | 5 | 14 (87) | 12 (75) |
| CMV encephalitis** | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Cerebral toxoplasmosis | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 (100) | 3 (100) |
| Cryptococcal meningitis | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 (100) | 3 (100) |
| Intracranial bleed†† | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) |
| Uncontrolled epilepsy | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 (50) | 1 (50) |
| Tuberculous meningitis | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Bacterial meningitis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| HIV encephalopathy | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 (100) | 2 (100) |
| Sepsis‡‡ | 10 (9) | 0 | 5 | 6 (60) | 6 (60) |
| Post-cardiac arrest | 7 (6) | 0 | 5 | 3 (43) | 1 (14) |
| Postoperative | 7 (6) | 1 | 3 | 7 (100) | 7 (100) |
| Variceal haemorrhage | 5 (4) | 0 | 4 | 3 (60) | 2 (40) |
| HAART-related§§ | 3 (3) | 0 | 3 | 3 (100) | 2 (67) |
| Miscellaneous¶¶ | 11 (10) | 1 | 4 | 10 (91) | 9 (82) |
LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; PCP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CMV, cytomegalovirus; IRIS, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.
*Six patients were also treated for other opportunistic infections during their admission to the ICU (3 had CMV pneumonitis, 2 had pulmonary tuberculosis and 1 had CMV encephalitis).
†One patient was re-admitted to the ICU with PCP as a manifestation of IRIS.
‡One patient also had cerebral toxoplasmosis.
§One patient was undergoing chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
¶Two patients also had PCP and two others had CMV encephalitis.
**One patient also had tuberculous meningitis.
††Two patients suffered intracranial haemorrhages as a complication of end-stage chronic viral liver disease.
‡‡Three patients presented with sepsis without localising features as a complication of chemotherapy for HIV-related malignancies.
§§Two patients had lactic acidosis and one had IRIS.
¶¶Six patients had drug overdose, one had trauma and four had miscellaneous causes.