Food groupings for factor analysis
| Foods or food groups | Food items |
|---|---|
| *These items were available only on the 1990 and 1994 food frequency questionnaires. | |
| Processed meats | Hot dogs, processed meats, bacon |
| Red meats | Hamburger, beef, pork, lamb |
| Organ meats | Liver |
| Fish | Canned tuna, dark meat fish, oily fish, shrimp |
| Poultry | Chicken or turkey with or without skin |
| Eggs | Eggs |
| Butter | Butter |
| Margarine | Margarine |
| Low-fat dairy | Skim milk, yogurt, sherbet, cottage cheese |
| High-fat dairy | Whole milk, cream, sour cream, cream cheese, ice cream, other cheese |
| Liquor | Liquor |
| Wine | White wine, red wine |
| Beer | Beer |
| Tea | Tea |
| Coffee | Regular coffee, decaffeinated coffee |
| Fruit | Raisins, avocado, orange, grapefruit, banana, cantaloupe, water melon, apple, strawberry, blueberry, peach, apricots, plums |
| Fruit juice | Orange juice, apple juice, grapefruit juice, other juice |
| Cruciferous vegetables | Broccoli, cabbage, kale, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts |
| Yellow vegetables | Carrots, yellow squash, yam |
| Tomatoes | Tomatoes, tomato juice, tomato sauce |
| Leafy vegetables | Raw spinach, cooked spinach, iceberg lettuce, romaine or leaf lettuce |
| Legumes | Tofu, string bean, peas, beans or lentils |
| Other vegetables | Corn, mixed vegetables, eggplant, celery, mushroom, beets, alfalfa sprouts |
| Potatoes | Potatoes |
| Fries | French fries |
| Whole grains | Dark breads, oat bran, brown rice, wheat germ, oats, cooked cereal, whole grain ready-to-eat cereals, other grains |
| Refined grains | White bread, white rice, English muffins, pasta, pancake, refined grain ready-to-eat cereals |
| Snacks | Potato chips, popcorn, crackers |
| Nuts | Peanut butter, nuts |
| Sugar beverages | Cola, caffeine-free cola, fruit punch, other carbonated beverages |
| Low-calorie beverages | Diet cola, diet caffeine-free cola, other diet carbonated beverages |
| Desserts/sweets | Chocolate bars or pieces, candy bars, cookies, brownies, doughnuts, cake, pie, sweet roll, coffee cake, pastry |
| Garlic | Garlic |
| Condiments | Jam, mustard, pepper, salt, chilli sauce, coffee, whitener |
| Salad dressings | Oil and vinegar type dressings |
| Cream soups | Chowder/cream soups |
| Mayonnaise | Mayonnaise-type salad dressings |
| Pizza | Pizza |
| Olive oil* | Olive oil |
| Added salt* | Added salt |