Age adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality from obstructive lung disease and pneumonia as underlying causes of death by respiratory symptom, sex, occupational exposure, and smoking habits in Norway, 1973–2002: one model
| Symptoms | Obstructive lung disease (n = 250) | Pneumonia (n = 293) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| No respiratory symptoms | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Cough symptoms | 2.3 | 1.5 to 3.7 | 1.5 | 0.9 to 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.9 to 2.5 | 1.2 | 0.8 to 1.8 |
| Asthma-like symptoms | 2.0 | 1.3 to 3.0 | 4.0 | 2.3 to 7.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.9 to 2.1 |
| Moderate dyspnoea | 1.5 | 1.0 to 2.4 | 1.1 | 0.6 to 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 to 1.1 |
| Severe dyspnoea | 3.3 | 2.1 to 5.3 | 2.8 | 1.6 to 4.8 | 1.2 | 0.4 to 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 to 2.1 |
| Occupational exposure | ||||||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Yes | 1.4 | 1.1 to 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 to 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 to 1.5 |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Never | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Former | 7.4 | 1.7 to 31.8 | 0.6 | 0.1 to 2.7 | 1.5 | 0.7 to 2.6 | 1.6 | 1.0 to 2.6 |
| Current (g tobacco/day) | ||||||||
| <10 | 7.9 | 1.8 to 35.2 | 2.6 | 1.3 to 5.2 | 1.5 | 0.7 to 3.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 to 1.8 |
| 10–19 | 13.0 | 3.1 to 53.6 | 5.2 | 2.9 to 9.4 | 1.8 | 0.9 to 3.4 | 1.2 | 0.7 to 1.9 |
| ⩾20 | 19.9 | 4.8 to 83.2 | 5.9 | 2.7 to 13.0 | 2.1 | 1.0 to 4.7 | 2.7 | 1.2 to 5.7 |
| p trend for daily smoking | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.08 | ||||