Association between serum leptin concentrations and asthma in study participants aged ⩾20 years stratified by sex (NHANES III, 1988–1994)
| Leptin quartiles* | Total (n = 5876) | Men (n = 2753) | Women (n = 3123) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value Wald χ2 | OR (95% CI) | p value Wald χ2 | OR (95% CI) | p value Wald χ2 | |
| OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. | ||||||
| *For men, quartile 1 is ⩽2.6, quartile 2 is >2.6–⩽4.4, quartile 3 is >4.4–⩽7.3, and quartile 4 is >7.3 μg/l. For women, quartile 1 is ⩽7.7, quartile 2 is >7.7–⩽13.2, quartile 3 is >13.2–⩽21.9, and quartile 4 is >21.9 μg/l. | ||||||
| †Model 1, adjusted for age, sex (except sex-specific models), race/ethnicity, educational status, smoking status, cotinine concentration, physical activity, and atopy. | ||||||
| ‡Model 2, adjusted for variables in model 1 plus triceps skinfold thickness. | ||||||
| §Model 3, adjusted for variables in model 1 plus body mass index. Sample sizes for model 3 are 5871 for all participants, 2753 for men, and 3118 for women. | ||||||
| Model 1† | ||||||
| Quartile 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 0.06 | 1.00 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.08 |
| Quartile 2 | 1.13 (0.69 to 1.86) | 1.13 (0.55 to 2.33) | 1.11 (0.44 to 2.82) | |||
| Quartile 3 | 0.77 (0.45 to 1.30) | 0.57 (0.29 to 1.15) | 1.00 (0.48 to 2.09) | |||
| Quartile 4 | 1.56 (0.96 to 2.53) | 1.27 (0.50 to 3.20) | 1.85 (1.01 to 3.39) | |||
| Model 2‡ | ||||||
| Quartile 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 0.14 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.05 |
| Quartile 2 | 1.21 (0.72 to 2.03) | 1.17 (0.53 to 2.59) | 1.29 (0.48 to 3.44) | |||
| Quartile 3 | 0.89 (0.50 to 1.56) | 0.61 (0.27 to 1.34) | 1.42 (0.60 to 3.35) | |||
| Quartile 4 | 1.99 (1.12 to 3.51) | 1.43 (0.46 to 4.44) | 3.19 (1.33 to 7.65) | |||
| Model 3§ | ||||||
| Quartile 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 0.22 | 1.00 | 0.16 | 1.00 | 0.80 |
| Quartile 2 | 1.05 (0.63 to 1.73) | 1.04 (0.48 to 2.25) | 1.03 (0.39 to 2.69) | |||
| Quartile 3 | 0.64 (0.40 to 1.01) | 0.49 (0.24 to 1.00) | 0.82 (0.40 to 1.67) | |||
| Quartile 4 | 1.05 (0.59 to 1.87) | 0.90 (0.33 to 2.44) | 1.21 (0.52 to 2.82) | |||